Clonazolam: Difference between revisions
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'''Clonazolam''' (also known as '''Clonitrazolam''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[chemical class::benzodiazepine]] chemical class which produces [[anxiolytic]], [[sedative]], [[muscle relaxant]], and [[amnesic]] effects when [[routes of administration|administered]]. This compound is a novel [[research chemical]] derivative of the FDA-approved drugs [[clonazepam]] ('''Klonopin''', '''Rivitrol''') and [[alprazolam]] ('''Xanax'''). Clonazolam is reported to be roughly 2.5x as potent as alprazolam. | '''Clonazolam''' (also known as '''Clonitrazolam''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[chemical class::benzodiazepine]] chemical class which produces [[anxiolytic]], [[sedative]], [[muscle relaxant]], and [[amnesic]] effects when [[routes of administration|administered]]. This compound is a novel [[research chemical]] derivative of the FDA-approved drugs [[clonazepam]] ('''Klonopin''', '''Rivitrol''') and [[alprazolam]] ('''Xanax'''). Clonazolam is reported to be roughly 2.5x as potent as alprazolam. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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|+ Oral | |+ Oral | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Threshold || | | Threshold || 50-75ug | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Light || | | Light || 75-200ug | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Common || | | Common || 200-400ug | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Strong || | | Strong || 500-1000ug | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 33: | Line 31: | ||
|+ Oral | |+ Oral | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Onset || | | Onset || 10-30 minutes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Total || | | Total || 6-10 hours | ||
|- | |- | ||
| After-effects || | | After-effects || 1-12 hours (dose-dependent) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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== Chemistry and Pharmacology == | == Chemistry and Pharmacology == | ||
Clonazolam is a drug of the [[benzodiazepine]] class. Benzodiazepine drugs contain a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring, which is a seven membered ring with the two nitrogen constituents located at R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>4</sub>. The benzyl ring of clonazolam is substituted at R<sub>8</sub> with a nitro group, NO<sub>2</sub>-. Further, the diazepine ring is bonded at R<sub>6</sub> to a 2-chlorinated phenyl ring. | |||
Clonazolam also contains a 1-methylated triazole ring fused to and incorporating R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>2</sub> of its diazepine ring. Clonazolam belongs to a class of benzodiazepines containing this fused triazole ring, called triazolobenzodiazepines, distinguished by the suffix "-zolam." Clonazolam is also a nitrobenzodiazepine, a subclass of benzodiazepines which contain a nitro (NO<sub>2</sub>-) group. Other nitrobenzodiazepines include clonazepam and flunitrazepam. | |||
=== LD50 === | === LD50 === | ||
== Legal status== | == Legal status== | ||
* USA: | * USA: Unscheduled | ||
* UK: | * UK: Class C | ||
== Links == | == Links == | ||
Revision as of 17:42, 7 July 2018
Clonazolam (also known as Clonitrazolam) is a novel psychoactive class::depressant substance of the chemical class::benzodiazepine chemical class which produces anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic effects when administered. This compound is a novel research chemical derivative of the FDA-approved drugs clonazepam (Klonopin, Rivitrol) and alprazolam (Xanax). Clonazolam is reported to be roughly 2.5x as potent as alprazolam.
History
The synthesis of clonazolam was first reported in 1971. It was described as the most active compound in the series tested.[1][2]
Very little is known about this substance, but it has recently become easily accessible through online research chemical vendors where it is being sold as a designer drug.[3][4]
Usage
Ritual use, different types of administration and how to do it, etc.
Dosage
General note/warning about dosage
| Threshold | 50-75ug |
| Light | 75-200ug |
| Common | 200-400ug |
| Strong | 500-1000ug |
Duration
| Onset | 10-30 minutes |
| Total | 6-10 hours |
| After-effects | 1-12 hours (dose-dependent) |
Effects
Postive
- effect
Neutral
- effect
Negative
- effect
Images
-
Example image 1
-
Example image with link: TripSit Rules
Harm Reduction
Clonazolam is reputed to be highly potent, and concerns have been raised that it and flubromazolam may pose comparatively higher risks than other designer benzodiazepines due to their ability to produce strong sedation and amnesia at oral doses as low as 0.5 mg, or 500 micrograms (ug).[5] It is reported to have a medium-length onset of action (20 - 60 minutes).
- warning 1
- warning 2
WARNING
Due to its extremely high potency, it is often found on blotter paper or in volumetrically dosed solutions. Ingestion of raw clonazolam powder is unsafe due to its microgram-range potency and the ease in which it can lead to multi-day blackouts.
Potentiators
- substance 1
- substance 2
Interactions
Check out our Drug Combinations page and chart for interactions and combinations of common drugs.
Chemistry and Pharmacology
Clonazolam is a drug of the benzodiazepine class. Benzodiazepine drugs contain a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring, which is a seven membered ring with the two nitrogen constituents located at R1 and R4. The benzyl ring of clonazolam is substituted at R8 with a nitro group, NO2-. Further, the diazepine ring is bonded at R6 to a 2-chlorinated phenyl ring.
Clonazolam also contains a 1-methylated triazole ring fused to and incorporating R1 and R2 of its diazepine ring. Clonazolam belongs to a class of benzodiazepines containing this fused triazole ring, called triazolobenzodiazepines, distinguished by the suffix "-zolam." Clonazolam is also a nitrobenzodiazepine, a subclass of benzodiazepines which contain a nitro (NO2-) group. Other nitrobenzodiazepines include clonazepam and flunitrazepam.
LD50
Legal status
- USA: Unscheduled
- UK: Class C
Links
Further Reading
Off-Site Resources
- ↑ 6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepines which have central nervous system depressant activity (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5165540
- ↑ Triazolobenzazepines, process and intermediates for their preparation and medicines containing them | https://www.google.com/patents/EP0072029B1
- ↑ Characterization of the four designer benzodiazepines clonazolam, deschloroetizolam, flubromazolam, and meclonazepam, and identification of their in vitro metabolites | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11419-015-0277-6
- ↑ Identification of main human urinary metabolites of the designer nitrobenzodiazepines clonazolam, meclonazepam, and nifoxipam by nano-liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for drug testing purposes. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27071765
- ↑ Designer benzodiazepines: A new challenge (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26043347