GHB: Difference between revisions
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= General Information = | = General Information = | ||
GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid) is a CNS depressant used as intoxicant. | GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid) is a CNS depressant used as intoxicant. It is a naturally occurring substance found in the human central nervous system, as well as in wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and in small amounts in almost all animals. GHB has been used in a medical setting as a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and alcoholism, and to improve athletic performance. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
| Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
= Harm Reduction = | = Harm Reduction = | ||
The only way to know the concentration of liquid GHB is to know and trust information provided by the source. Users should be extremely careful about GHB dosages as even small overdoses can result in temporarily unrousable sleep. | |||
*Avoid driving and operating heavy machinery | * Avoid driving and operating heavy machinery | ||
*Don't mix it with Alcohol, or only very carefully | * Don't mix it with Alcohol, or only very carefully | ||
*Recommended time (pauses) between using the substance: | ** In humans, GHB has been shown to inhibit the elimination rate of alcohol. This may explain the respiratory arrest that has been reported after ingestion of both drugs.[30] A review of the details of 194 deaths attributed to or related to GHB over a ten-year period found that most were from respiratory depression caused by interaction with alcohol or other drugs | ||
* Recommended time (pauses) between using the substance: | |||
** 2-3 times a week should be the maximum | ** 2-3 times a week should be the maximum | ||
* Addiction potential | * High Addiction potential | ||
= Chemistry and Pharmacology = | = Chemistry and Pharmacology = | ||
GHB has at least two distinct binding sites in the central nervous system. GHB is an agonist at the newly characterized GHB receptor, which is excitatory, and it is a weak agonist at the GABA-B receptor, which is inhibitory. GHB is a naturally occurring substance that acts in a similar fashion to some neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain. GHB is probably synthesized from GABA in GABAergic neurons, and released when the neurons fire. | |||
If taken orally, GABA itself does not effectively cross the blood-brain-barrier. | |||
== Production == | == Production == | ||
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GHB is illegal in most parts of the world, GBL is legal in parts of Europe. | GHB is illegal in most parts of the world, GBL is legal in parts of Europe. | ||
= Links = | |||
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid | |||
[[Category:Depressant]] | [[Category:Depressant]] | ||
[[Category:Drugs]] | [[Category:Drugs]] | ||
Revision as of 04:56, 10 July 2014
General Information
GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid) is a CNS depressant used as intoxicant. It is a naturally occurring substance found in the human central nervous system, as well as in wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and in small amounts in almost all animals. GHB has been used in a medical setting as a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and alcoholism, and to improve athletic performance.
History
GHB was synthesized and introduced into medicine in 1960 and in 1963 discovered as a naturally occurring chemical in the human brain.
Dosage
Oral
Duration: 1-3 hours
Light: 0.5-1.5g
Common: 1-2.5g
Strong: 2-4g
GBL dose: 1ml GBL is equal to 1.6g GHB
Effects
Positive
- Relaxation
- Increased sociability
- Positive mood changes
- Euphoria
- Empatogenic
- Enhanced sensuality
Neutral
- Dizziness
Negative
- Nausea
- Restlessness
- Unconsciousness
- Amnesia
After effects
- Hangover (usually only occurs from high doses)
- Sleepiness
- Drowsiness
Harm Reduction
The only way to know the concentration of liquid GHB is to know and trust information provided by the source. Users should be extremely careful about GHB dosages as even small overdoses can result in temporarily unrousable sleep.
- Avoid driving and operating heavy machinery
- Don't mix it with Alcohol, or only very carefully
- In humans, GHB has been shown to inhibit the elimination rate of alcohol. This may explain the respiratory arrest that has been reported after ingestion of both drugs.[30] A review of the details of 194 deaths attributed to or related to GHB over a ten-year period found that most were from respiratory depression caused by interaction with alcohol or other drugs
- Recommended time (pauses) between using the substance:
- 2-3 times a week should be the maximum
- High Addiction potential
Chemistry and Pharmacology
GHB has at least two distinct binding sites in the central nervous system. GHB is an agonist at the newly characterized GHB receptor, which is excitatory, and it is a weak agonist at the GABA-B receptor, which is inhibitory. GHB is a naturally occurring substance that acts in a similar fashion to some neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain. GHB is probably synthesized from GABA in GABAergic neurons, and released when the neurons fire.
If taken orally, GABA itself does not effectively cross the blood-brain-barrier.
Production
Production of GHB consists simply of mixing "lactone" (short for gamma butyrlactone) and lye (sodium hydroxide) in the proper amounts. It can also be converted from GBL.
Legal status
GHB is illegal in most parts of the world, GBL is legal in parts of Europe.