Benzodiazepines: Difference between revisions

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== Dosage ==  
== Dosage ==  
{| class="wikitable"
|+Comparison of benzodiazepines
! Chemical name (brand name)
! Half-Life [Active Metabolites]
! Dose Equiv. of 10mg Diazepam (Oral)
! Class
|-
| Alprazolam (Xanax)
| 6 - 12 hours
| 0.5 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Bromazepam (Lexotan, Lexomil)
| 10 - 20 hours
| 5 - 6 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Chlordazepoxide (Librium)
| 5 - 30 hours [36 - 200 hours]
| 25 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Clobazam (Frisium)
| 12 - 60 hours
| 20 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Clonazepam (Klonopin)
| 18 - 50 hours
| 0.5 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Clorazepate (Tranxene)
| [36 - 200 hours]
| 15 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Diazepam (Valium)
| 20 - 100 hours [36 - 200 hours]
| 10 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Estazolam (ProSom, Nuctalon)
| 10 - 24 hours
| 1 - 2 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
| 18 - 26 hours [36 - 200 hours]
| 1 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Flurazepam (Dalmane)
| [40 - 250 hours]
| 15 - 30 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Halazepam (Paxipam)
| [30 - 100 hours]
| 20 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Ketazolam (Paxipam)
| 30 - 100 hours [36 - 200 hours]
| 15 - 30 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Loprazolam (Dormonoct)
| 6 - 12 hours
| 1 - 2 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Lorazepam (Ativan)
| 10 - 20 hours
| 1 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Lormetazepam (Noctamid)
| 10 - 12 hours
| 1 - 2 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Medazepam (Nobrium)
| 36 - 200 hours
| 10 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Nitrazepam (Mogadon)
| 15 - 38 hours
| 10 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Nordazepam (Nordaz)
| 36 - 200 hours
| 10 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Oxazepam (Serax)
| 4 - 15 hours
| 20 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Prazepam (Centrax)
| [36 - 200 hours]
| 10 - 20 mg
| Anxiolytic
|-
| Quazepam (Doral)
| 25 - 100 hours
| 20 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Temazepam (Restoril)
| 8 - 22 hours
| 20 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Triazolam (Halcion)
| 2 hours
| 0.5 mg
| Hypnotic
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Non-benzodiazepines commonly referred to as Z-drugs
! Chemical name (brand name)
! Half-Life [Active Metabolites]
! Dose Equiv. of 10mg Diazepam (Oral)
! Class
|-
| Zaleplon (Sonata)
| 2 hours
| 20 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Zolpidem (Ambien)
| 2 hours
| 20 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Zopiclone (Imovane)
| 5 - 6 hours
| 15 mg
| Hypnotic
|-
| Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
| 6 hours
| 3 mg
| Hypnotic
|}


=== Oral ===
=== Oral ===

Revision as of 18:28, 4 March 2013


General Information

Classification: Downer/Sedative/Anxiolytic

History

Dosage

Comparison of benzodiazepines
Chemical name (brand name) Half-Life [Active Metabolites] Dose Equiv. of 10mg Diazepam (Oral) Class
Alprazolam (Xanax) 6 - 12 hours 0.5 mg Anxiolytic
Bromazepam (Lexotan, Lexomil) 10 - 20 hours 5 - 6 mg Anxiolytic
Chlordazepoxide (Librium) 5 - 30 hours [36 - 200 hours] 25 mg Anxiolytic
Clobazam (Frisium) 12 - 60 hours 20 mg Anxiolytic
Clonazepam (Klonopin) 18 - 50 hours 0.5 mg Anxiolytic
Clorazepate (Tranxene) [36 - 200 hours] 15 mg Anxiolytic
Diazepam (Valium) 20 - 100 hours [36 - 200 hours] 10 mg Anxiolytic
Estazolam (ProSom, Nuctalon) 10 - 24 hours 1 - 2 mg Hypnotic
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) 18 - 26 hours [36 - 200 hours] 1 mg Hypnotic
Flurazepam (Dalmane) [40 - 250 hours] 15 - 30 mg Hypnotic
Halazepam (Paxipam) [30 - 100 hours] 20 mg Anxiolytic
Ketazolam (Paxipam) 30 - 100 hours [36 - 200 hours] 15 - 30 mg Anxiolytic
Loprazolam (Dormonoct) 6 - 12 hours 1 - 2 mg Hypnotic
Lorazepam (Ativan) 10 - 20 hours 1 mg Anxiolytic
Lormetazepam (Noctamid) 10 - 12 hours 1 - 2 mg Hypnotic
Medazepam (Nobrium) 36 - 200 hours 10 mg Anxiolytic
Nitrazepam (Mogadon) 15 - 38 hours 10 mg Hypnotic
Nordazepam (Nordaz) 36 - 200 hours 10 mg Anxiolytic
Oxazepam (Serax) 4 - 15 hours 20 mg Anxiolytic
Prazepam (Centrax) [36 - 200 hours] 10 - 20 mg Anxiolytic
Quazepam (Doral) 25 - 100 hours 20 mg Hypnotic
Temazepam (Restoril) 8 - 22 hours 20 mg Hypnotic
Triazolam (Halcion) 2 hours 0.5 mg Hypnotic
Non-benzodiazepines commonly referred to as Z-drugs
Chemical name (brand name) Half-Life [Active Metabolites] Dose Equiv. of 10mg Diazepam (Oral) Class
Zaleplon (Sonata) 2 hours 20 mg Hypnotic
Zolpidem (Ambien) 2 hours 20 mg Hypnotic
Zopiclone (Imovane) 5 - 6 hours 15 mg Hypnotic
Eszopiclone (Lunesta) 6 hours 3 mg Hypnotic

Oral

Onset:

Alprazolam IR : 8-25 minutes

Alprazolam XR : 25-75 minutes

Diazepam : Rapid

Clonazapam: 1 hour

Peak Benefit:

Diazepam: 1.6 hours

Alprazolam IR : 90 minutes

Alprazolam XR : 25-75 minutes

Diazepam : 2-4 hours

Clonazapam: 1-4 hours

Half/Life and Duration

Triazolam: 2.5 Hours

Lorazepam:

Alprazolam IR : 11 hour half life - 5 hour duration

Alprazolam XR :11-16 hour hour half life, 11 hour duration

Diazepam : 20-100 hour half life - 6-8 hour duration

Clonazepam: 18-50 hour half life - 12+ hours

Dosages Depend on tolerance.

Potentiators:

-Grapefruit juice

Avoid:

-Excessive drinking (you will die)

Smoked

Duration: X hours

Onset: X minutes

Low dose: X mg

Medium (typical) dose: X mg

High dose: X mg

Insufflated

NOT RECOMMENDED

Duration: X hours

Onset: X minutes

Low dose: X mg

Medium (typical) dose: X mg

High dose: X mg

Injected

NOT RECOMMENDED

Duration: X hours

Onset: X minutes

Low dose: X mg

Medium (typical) dose: X mg

High dose: X mg

Effects

Positive

  • Stress Relief
  • Anxiety Relief
  • Social Anxiety
  • PTSD
  • Sedative
  • Worries drift away
  • That "sink into the couch" feeling

Neutral

Negative

  • High addiction potential
  • Killer withdrawals
  • Risk of blackout
  • Inability to drink
  • Inability to dirve
  • Loss of balance
  • Memory Loss
  • Procrastination

After effects

  • "Hangover"?
  • Afterglow
  • Long term effects
  • High addiction potential

Harm Reduction

  • Avoid driving and operating heavy machinery
  • Recommended time (pauses) between using the substance
  • Addiction potential - High
  • Risk of blackouts
  • Risk of death when mixed with alcohol
  • Mental illness?
  • Heart issues?
  • CNS depressant when mixed with other drugs

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Production

Images

  • italic caption

    italic caption

Legal

Europe

America

Asia

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