(tdose pcp) |
(Fixed a fair amount of small grammatical/spelling errors. Also changed "Lorazepam" to "a benzodiazepine" under Harm reduction.) |
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== History == | == History == | ||
| − | + | Phencyclidine was first synthesized in 1926. In 1956 it was approved as an anaesthetic for animals (Sernylan), and in 1963 for humans (Sernyl) in Germany. However, due to hallucinations experienced by patients under its influence, it was already removed from the market in 1965. In 1967 PCP first appeared at music festivals in the US. Like ketamine, PCP was formerly used as a pre-induction anaesthetic and animal tranquillizer, hence it has street eponyms such as “horse tranquillizer", ”hog”, and “elephant”. | |
== Dosage == | == Dosage == | ||
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== Effects == | == Effects == | ||
| − | Behavioural effects can vary by dosage. Low doses produce a numbness | + | Behavioural effects can vary by dosage. Low doses produce a numbness in the extremities and intoxication, characterised by staggering, unsteady gait, slurred speech, bloodshot eyes, and loss of balance. Moderate doses (5–10 mg intranasal, or 0.01–0.02 mg/kg intramuscular or intravenous) will produce analgesia and anaesthesia. High doses may lead to convulsions. Users frequently do not know how much of the drug they are taking due to its potency and tendency of the drug to be made illegally in uncontrolled conditions. |
| − | Psychological effects include severe changes in body image, loss of ego boundaries, paranoia and depersonalization. Hallucinations, euphoria, and suicidal impulses are also reported, as well as occasional aggressive behavior. Like many other drugs, phencyclidine has been known to alter mood | + | Psychological effects include severe changes in body image, loss of ego boundaries, paranoia and depersonalization. Hallucinations, euphoria, and suicidal impulses are also reported, as well as occasional aggressive behavior. Like many other drugs, phencyclidine has been known to alter mood states in an unpredictable fashion, causing some individuals to become detached, and others to become animated. PCP may induce feelings of strength, power, and invulnerability as well as a numbing effect on the mind. |
=== Postive === | === Postive === | ||
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* Ataxia (loss of motor coordination) | * Ataxia (loss of motor coordination) | ||
| − | * Severe confusion, | + | * Severe confusion, disorganised thinking |
* Psychotic episodes | * Psychotic episodes | ||
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If you think you are overdosing on PCP, please seek emergency medical attention immediately. | If you think you are overdosing on PCP, please seek emergency medical attention immediately. | ||
| − | * At an Emergency Room, Doctors usually provide | + | * At an Emergency Room. , Doctors usually provide a [https://wiki.tripsit.me/wiki/Benzodiazepines benzodiazepine] and between 1-10mg Haloperidol (anti-psychotic) to combat PCP overdoses and violent or unpredictable behavior. |
* Do not drive or operate heavy machinery. | * Do not drive or operate heavy machinery. | ||
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* Avoid walking or moving in general if possible. | * Avoid walking or moving in general if possible. | ||
| − | * Always experiment with drugs with a sober friend in a safe place. Start low, increase until desired effect | + | * Always experiment with drugs with a sober friend in a safe place. Start low, increase until the desired effect. |
* A full stomach may lead to nausea; consider fasting 3-4+ hours before usage. | * A full stomach may lead to nausea; consider fasting 3-4+ hours before usage. | ||
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* Alchohol | * Alchohol | ||
| − | * | + | * Benzodiazepines |
=== Interactions === | === Interactions === | ||
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== Chemistry and Pharmacology == | == Chemistry and Pharmacology == | ||
| − | In chemical structure, PCP is an arylcyclohexylamine derivative, and, in pharmacology, it is a member of the family of dissociative | + | In chemical structure, PCP is an arylcyclohexylamine derivative, and, in pharmacology, it is a member of the family of dissociative anaesthetics. PCP works primarily as a NMDA receptor antagonist, which blocks the activity of the NMDA receptor and, like most anti-glutamatergic hallucinogens, is significantly more dangerous than other categories of hallucinogens. |
| − | The clinical picture may wax and wane between extreme agitation and sedation | + | The clinical picture may wax and wane between extreme agitation and sedation because PCP can produce CNS stimulation and depression through its different clinical effects in the CNS. With increasing concentrations, the drug binds to NMDA receptors, acts as a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, stimulates σ-opioid receptors, as well as nicotinic, muscarinic and GABA receptors. |
There are more than 125 known derivates of PCP. | There are more than 125 known derivates of PCP. | ||
PCP is a powerful dissociative. The acronym PCP stems from its organic name 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine, which alludes to its relatively simple production from the arylcyclohexylamineA class of dissociatives, which includes PCP, Ketamine, Methoxetamine and others. An arylcyclohexylamine is composed of a cyclohexylamine unit with an aryl moiety attachment. The aryl group is positioned geminal to the amine. In the simplest cases, the aryl moiety is typically a phenyl ring, sometimes with additional substitution. The amine is usually not primary, secondary amines such as methylamino or ethylamino, or tertiary cycloalkylamines such as piperidino and pyrrolidino, are the most commonly encountered N-substituents. piperidine. It is best known for stories of the strange and sometimes violent behavior of people under its influence. However, studies by the Drug Abuse Warning Network in the 1970s show that media reports of PCP-induced violence are greatly exaggerated and that incidents of violence are unusual and often (but not always) limited to individuals with reputations for aggression regardless of drug use. It has been implicated as a major cause of psychiatric decompensation and has a number of clinical syndromes described in the literature. In addition, PCP has been shown to cause significant medical morbidity and mortality. It is found in a variety of forms including crystals/powder, tablets, and liquid. Recently PCP seems to be available on the underground market most commonly in form of cannabis joints, regular cigarettes or cannabis leaf which are dipped in liquid PCP, and usually marketed as something else, seldom as 'PCP'.
Phencyclidine was first synthesized in 1926. In 1956 it was approved as an anaesthetic for animals (Sernylan), and in 1963 for humans (Sernyl) in Germany. However, due to hallucinations experienced by patients under its influence, it was already removed from the market in 1965. In 1967 PCP first appeared at music festivals in the US. Like ketamine, PCP was formerly used as a pre-induction anaesthetic and animal tranquillizer, hence it has street eponyms such as “horse tranquillizer", ”hog”, and “elephant”.
Note: 20 mg may put an individual into a comatose state, and 70 mg may induce seizures.
Dosages from TripSit Factsheets
| Onset | 2-20 minutes |
| Duration | 4-6 hours |
| After-effects | Up to 24 hours |
Behavioural effects can vary by dosage. Low doses produce a numbness in the extremities and intoxication, characterised by staggering, unsteady gait, slurred speech, bloodshot eyes, and loss of balance. Moderate doses (5–10 mg intranasal, or 0.01–0.02 mg/kg intramuscular or intravenous) will produce analgesia and anaesthesia. High doses may lead to convulsions. Users frequently do not know how much of the drug they are taking due to its potency and tendency of the drug to be made illegally in uncontrolled conditions.
Psychological effects include severe changes in body image, loss of ego boundaries, paranoia and depersonalization. Hallucinations, euphoria, and suicidal impulses are also reported, as well as occasional aggressive behavior. Like many other drugs, phencyclidine has been known to alter mood states in an unpredictable fashion, causing some individuals to become detached, and others to become animated. PCP may induce feelings of strength, power, and invulnerability as well as a numbing effect on the mind.
If you think you are overdosing on PCP, please seek emergency medical attention immediately.
See Dissociative Harm Reduction for general information.
In chemical structure, PCP is an arylcyclohexylamineA class of dissociatives, which includes PCP, Ketamine, Methoxetamine and others. An arylcyclohexylamine is composed of a cyclohexylamine unit with an aryl moiety attachment. The aryl group is positioned geminal to the amine. In the simplest cases, the aryl moiety is typically a phenyl ring, sometimes with additional substitution. The amine is usually not primary, secondary amines such as methylamino or ethylamino, or tertiary cycloalkylamines such as piperidino and pyrrolidino, are the most commonly encountered N-substituents. derivative, and, in pharmacology, it is a member of the family of dissociative anaesthetics. PCP works primarily as a NMDAN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. NMDA antagonists are often dissociatives. receptor antagonistA substance that interferes with or inhibits the physiological action of another., which blocks the activity of the NMDAN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. NMDA antagonists are often dissociatives. receptor and, like most anti-glutamatergic hallucinogens, is significantly more dangerous than other categories of hallucinogens.
The clinical picture may wax and wane between extreme agitation and sedation because PCP can produce CNSCentral Nervous System stimulation and depression through its different clinical effects in the CNSCentral Nervous System. With increasing concentrations, the drug binds to NMDAN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. NMDA antagonists are often dissociatives. receptors, acts as a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, stimulates σ-opioid receptors, as well as nicotinic, muscarinic and GABAGamma aminobutyric acid an amino acid that is found in the central nervous system; acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. receptors.
There are more than 125 known derivates of PCP.
PCP is Schedule II in the United States. This means it is illegal to sell without a DEA license and illegal to buy or possess without a license or prescription.
It is also banned in the UK, Germany, Poland, Canada and New Zealand.
Use of haloperidol in PCP-intoxicated individuals.