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GHB was widely used in France, Italy, and other European countries for several decades as a sleeping agent and an anesthetic in childbirth, but problems with its abuse potential and development of newer drugs have led to a decrease in the medical use in recent times. | GHB was widely used in France, Italy, and other European countries for several decades as a sleeping agent and an anesthetic in childbirth, but problems with its abuse potential and development of newer drugs have led to a decrease in the medical use in recent times. | ||
| − | In the 1980's It was marketed for a short time as a | + | In the 1980's It was marketed for a short time as a fat burner and muscle developer. However, in 1990, based off many reports of GHB-linked illness, The FDA declared GHB unsafe, and ordered it to be removed from stores shelves. Following this, many users switched to GBL and 1 4-butanediol. |
GHB (Xyrem) was approved by the FDA in 2002 for use in the treatment of narcolepsy/Cataplexy. | GHB (Xyrem) was approved by the FDA in 2002 for use in the treatment of narcolepsy/Cataplexy. | ||
GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid) is a CNSCentral Nervous System depressant used as intoxicant. It is a naturally occurring substance found in the human central nervous system, as well as in wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and in small amounts in almost all animals. GHB has been used in a medical setting as a general anaesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and alcohol withdrawal, and to improve athletic performance.
Synthesis of this chemical was first reported in 1874 by Alexander Zaytsev. But the first major research in humans was conducted in the early 1960's by Dr. Henri Laborit to use in studying the neurotransmitter GABAGamma aminobutyric acid an amino acid that is found in the central nervous system; acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter..
Throughout most of the 1960's it was a popular anesthetic, was abandoned by doctors following discoveries of its poor analgesic effects. In the 1970's was recommended for the treatment of narcolepsy, though the euphoric side of GHB made that unfavourable.
GHB was widely used in France, Italy, and other European countries for several decades as a sleeping agent and an anesthetic in childbirth, but problems with its abuse potential and development of newer drugs have led to a decrease in the medical use in recent times.
In the 1980's It was marketed for a short time as a fat burner and muscle developer. However, in 1990, based off many reports of GHB-linked illness, The FDA declared GHB unsafe, and ordered it to be removed from stores shelves. Following this, many users switched to GBL and 1 4-butanediol.
GHB (Xyrem) was approved by the FDA in 2002 for use in the treatment of narcolepsy/Cataplexy.
GBL dose: 1ml GBL is equal to 1.6g GHB
| Light | 0.5-1.5g |
| Common | 1-2.5g |
| Strong | 2-4g |
| Onset | 10-40 minutes |
| Total | 1-3 hours |
GHB has at least two distinct binding sites in the central nervous system. GHB is an agonistA substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor. at the newly characterized GHB receptor, which is excitatory, and it is a weak agonistA substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor. at the GABAGamma aminobutyric acid an amino acid that is found in the central nervous system; acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter.-B receptor, which is inhibitory. GHB is a naturally occurring substance that acts in a similar fashion to some neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain. GHB is probably synthesized from GABAGamma aminobutyric acid an amino acid that is found in the central nervous system; acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. in GABAergic neurons, and released when the neurons fire.
If taken orallyRoute of administration in which the subject swallows a substance., GABAGamma aminobutyric acid an amino acid that is found in the central nervous system; acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. itself does not effectively cross the blood-brain-barrier.
GHB will reduce dopamineA neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention, learning, and the brain’s pleasure and reward system. levels in high amounts, but increase dopamineA neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention, learning, and the brain’s pleasure and reward system. levels in the brain in low amounts[1]. This leads to what is known as dopamineA neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention, learning, and the brain’s pleasure and reward system. rebound among users. Users can experience strong wakefullness about 4 hours after the last dose was consumed. This is often strong enough to wake the user up from sleep, and may be accompanied by a strong redose compulsion. The longer and higher the dose of GHB used, the more pronounced the effect may become.
Production of GHB consists simply of mixing "lactone" (short for gamma butyrlactone) and lye (sodium hydroxide) in the proper amounts. It can also be converted from GBL.
GHB is illegal in most parts of the world, GBL is legal in parts of Europe.