Tropane Alkaloids - Revision history

https://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Tropane_Alkaloids Tropane Alkaloids - Revision history 2026-04-15T02:48:32Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.44.0 https://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?title=Tropane_Alkaloids&diff=4312&oldid=prev GrimReaper at 10:46, 11 March 2015 2015-03-11T10:46:03Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:46, 11 March 2015</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l218">Line 218:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 218:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ethnopharmacology 8: 1-18.</td></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ethnopharmacology 8: 1-18.</td></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></tr></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></tr></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Chemicals]]</ins></div></td></tr>  </table>

GrimReaper https://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?title=Tropane_Alkaloids&diff=374&oldid=prev 205.56.181.196 at 17:39, 13 January 2013 2013-01-13T17:39:01Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:39, 13 January 2013</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l218">Line 218:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 218:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ethnopharmacology 8: 1-18.</td></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ethnopharmacology 8: 1-18.</td></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></tr></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></tr></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></tbody></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> </table>

205.56.181.196 https://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?title=Tropane_Alkaloids&diff=373&oldid=prev 205.56.181.196: Created page with " <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"><strong>..." 2013-01-13T17:38:37Z

<p>Created page with " <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"><strong>..."</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div><br /> <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><br /> <br /> <tr><br /> <td valign="top" width="50%"><strong>Other Names</strong><br /> <br /> Tropanalkaloide, tropanes, tropeine<br /> <br /> Tropane alkaloids are esters of tropanal combined<br /> <br /> with various acids. They occur primarily in<br /> <br /> nightshades (Solanaceae), especially the psychoactive<br /> <br /> ones. The most important psychoactive<br /> <br /> tropane alkaloids are atropine, scopolamine, and<br /> <br /> hyoscyamine. These substances are "quickly<br /> <br /> absorbed through the mucous membranes but<br /> <br /> also through the intact skin" (Roth et al. 1994,<br /> <br /> 944*). For this reason, plant preparations in the<br /> <br /> form of ointments with these tropane alkaloids<br /> <br /> can induce psychoactive effects (cf. Datura<br /> <br /> innoxia, witches' ointments). Atropine, scopolamine,<br /> <br /> and hyoscyamine are found in the genera<br /> <br /> Atropa, Brugmansia, Datum, Hyoscyamus, Iochroma,<br /> <br /> ]uanulloa, Mandragora, Solandra, and Scopolia.<br /> <br /> The psychoactive tropane alkaloid hyoscyamine<br /> <br /> (cf. Hyoscyamus niger) occurs in the following<br /> <br /> nightshades in concentrations that appear to make<br /> <br /> them useful for psychoactive purposes (Festi 1995,<br /> <br /> 132 f.*): Anthoceris littorea Labill. (herbage),<br /> <br /> Crenedium spinescens Haegi (leaves), Cyphanthera<br /> <br /> anthocercidea (Ev. Muel!.) Haegi (leaves),<br /> <br /> Mandragora caulescens C.B. Clarke (entire plant;<br /> <br /> cf. Mandragora spp.), Physochlaina praealta<br /> <br /> (Decne.) Miers (entire plant), and Scopolia lurida<br /> <br /> Dunal (roots; cf. Scopolia carniolica). As a plant<br /> <br /> dries, the hyoscyamine it contains is usually<br /> <br /> transformed into its analog scopolamine. The<br /> <br /> profile of effects of hyoscyamine is essentially the<br /> <br /> same as that of scopolamine.<br /> <br /> Tropanes and cocaine are chemically related<br /> <br /> and can under certain conditions elicit similar<br /> <br /> pharmacological effects (Sauerwein et al. 1993).<br /> <br /> The tropane alkaloid 2-tropanone is a metabolic<br /> <br /> product of cocaine. Tropane alkaloids occur in<br /> <br /> most if not all Erythroxylum species (AI-Said et al.<br /> <br /> 1989). The bark of Erythroxylum zambesiacum N.<br /> <br /> Robson has been found to contain various<br /> <br /> tropanes (Christen et al. 1993). The root bark of<br /> <br /> Erythroxylum hypericifolium Lam., a species indigenous<br /> <br /> to Mauritius that is used in folk medicine<br /> <br /> to treat kidney problems, contains large amounts<br /> <br /> of hygrine as well as other tropanes (e.g., cuscohygrine)<br /> <br /> (AI-Said et al. 1989). Both hygrine and<br /> <br /> cuscohygrine are also found in the leaves and bark<br /> <br /> of the two coca species Erythroxylum coca and<br /> <br /> Erythroxylum novogranatense (AI-Said et al. 1989,<br /> <br /> 672). The leaves of the Southeast Asian species<br /> <br /> Erythroxylum cuneatum (Wall.) Kurz, which is<br /> <br /> used in Malaysia as a tonic, were found to contain as their primary alkaloid (±)-3&lt;X,613-dibenzoyloxytropane;<br /> <br /> another major constituent in the leaves is<br /> <br /> nicotine. The main alkaloid in the leaves of<br /> <br /> another ethnomedicinally useful Southeast Asian<br /> <br /> species, Erythroxylum ecarinatum Burck., is tropacacaine.<br /> <br /> The root bark of the Australian species<br /> <br /> Erythroxylum australe Ev. Muell. also contain<br /> <br /> numerous tropanes (meteloidine) (EI-Imam et al.<br /> <br /> 1988).<br /> <br /> Tropane alkaloids also appear to be present in<br /> <br /> the Proteaceae Family, e.g., in the species Knightia<br /> <br /> strobolina (EI-Imam et aL 1988:2182). In Australia,<br /> <br /> several members of the genera Hakea and Banksia<br /> <br /> are used to produce wine.<br /> <br /> The recent discovery of tropane alkaloids<br /> <br /> (tropine, tropinone, cuscohygrine, hygrine) in<br /> <br /> field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis 1.; cf. Convolvulus<br /> <br /> tricolor) is very interesting; the species<br /> <br /> also contains ergot alkaloids (Todd et al. 1995).<br /> <br /> Tropane alkaloids have also been found in the<br /> <br /> hedge bindweed Calystegia sepium (1.) R. Br. [syn.<br /> <br /> Convolvulus sepium] (Goldmann et al. 1990).</td><br /> <td valign="top" width="53%"><strong>Literature</strong><br /> <br /> See also the entries for atropine and scopolamine.<br /> <br /> Bauer, Eduard. 1919. Studium aber die Bedeutung der<br /> <br /> Alkaloide in pharmakognostisch wichtigen<br /> <br /> Solanaceen, besonders in Atropa Belladonna und<br /> <br /> Datura Stramonium. Bern: Hallwag.<br /> <br /> Christen, P., M. F. Roberts, J. D. Phillipson, and W. C.<br /> <br /> Evans. 1993. Recent aspects of tropane alkaloid<br /> <br /> biosynthesis in Erythroxylum zambesiacum stem<br /> <br /> bark. Planta Medica 59 supp!.: A583-84.<br /> <br /> Goldmann, Arlette, Marie-Louise Milat, Paul-Henri<br /> <br /> Ducrot, Jean-Yves Lallemand, Monique Maille,<br /> <br /> Andree Lepingle, Isabelle Charpin, and David<br /> <br /> Tepfer. 1990. Tropane derivates from Calistegia<br /> <br /> sepium. Phytochemistry 29 (7): 2125-27.<br /> <br /> Imam, Yahia M. A. e1-, William C. Evans, and<br /> <br /> Raymond J. Grout. 1988. Alkaloids of<br /> <br /> Erythroxylum cuneatum, E. ecarinatum and E.<br /> <br /> australe. Phytochemistry 27 (7): 2181-84.<br /> <br /> Said, Mansour S. al-, William C. Evans, and<br /> <br /> Raymond J. Grout. 1989. Alkaloids of<br /> <br /> Erythroxylum hypericifolium stem bark.<br /> <br /> Phytochemistry 28 (2): 671-73.<br /> <br /> Sauerwein, M., F. Sporer, and M. Wink. 1993.<br /> <br /> Allelochemical properties of derivatives from<br /> <br /> tropane and ecgonine. Planta Medica 59 suppL:<br /> <br /> A662<br /> <br /> Todd, G. Fred, F. R. Stermitz, P. Schultheiss, A. P.<br /> <br /> Traub-Dargatz, and J. Traub-Dargatz. 1995.<br /> <br /> Tropane alkaloids and toxicity of Convolvulus<br /> <br /> arvensis. Phytochemistry 39:301-3.<br /> <br /> Xiao, P., and 1. Y. He. 1983. Ethnopharmacologic<br /> <br /> investigation on tropane-containing drugs in<br /> <br /> Chinese Solanaceous plants. Journal of<br /> <br /> Ethnopharmacology 8: 1-18.</td><br /> </tr><br /> </tbody></div>

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