Tramadol - Revision history

GrimReaper at 07:02, 11 March 2015

2015-03-11T07:02:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:02, 11 March 2015
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	[[File:Zuza_tramal.jpg\|right\|200px\|Tramal]]		[[File:Zuza_tramal.jpg\|right\|200px\|Tramal]]

	Tramadol is a opioid that also acts as a SNRI. It is used as a prescription drug in many countries to treat moderate pain (often combined with paracetamol), and also sees recreational use for its euphoric effects. Due to its complex and atypical nature, it has also been investigated for use in the treatment of many conditions, including PTSD, opioid withdrawal, OCD and the management of diabetic side-effects.		'''Tramadol''' is a opioid that also acts as a SNRI. It is used as a prescription drug in many countries to treat moderate pain (often combined with paracetamol), and also sees recreational use for its euphoric effects. Due to its complex and atypical nature, it has also been investigated for use in the treatment of many conditions, including PTSD, opioid withdrawal, OCD and the management of diabetic side-effects.

	= History =		== History ==

	Tramadol was first discovered in 1962 in Germany, and was later released under the brand name Tramal in 1977 - lauded due to its additional SNRI action. It later became a popular choice as a prescription drug for pain treatment around the world. Despite its branding and institutional view as a drug with little potential for abuse, it has increasing amounts of recreational use since release.		Tramadol was first discovered in 1962 in Germany, and was later released under the brand name Tramal in 1977 - lauded due to its additional SNRI action. It later became a popular choice as a prescription drug for pain treatment around the world. Despite its branding and institutional view as a drug with little potential for abuse, it has increasing amounts of recreational use since release.
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	In 2013, it was discovered that tramadol is produced naturally in high concentrations in the root of the African pin cushion tree.		In 2013, it was discovered that tramadol is produced naturally in high concentrations in the root of the African pin cushion tree.

	= Dosage =		== Dosage ==

	Doses are given on a tolerance scale, since it accrues quickly; users should note that the lowering of the seizure threshold occurs regardless of tolerance.		Doses are given on a tolerance scale, since it accrues quickly; users should note that the lowering of the seizure threshold occurs regardless of tolerance.
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	\|}		\|}

	= Duration=		== Duration ==

	Long onset, slowly building to a peak by hour 4 with maximum blood concentration achieved near hour 4.5.		Long onset, slowly building to a peak by hour 4 with maximum blood concentration achieved near hour 4.5.
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	\|}		\|}

	= Effects =		== Effects ==

	== Positive ==		=== Positive ===
	* Euphoria		* Euphoria
	* Pain relief		* Pain relief
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	* Overall feeling of contentedness		* Overall feeling of contentedness

	== Neutral ==		=== Neutral ===
	* Itching		* Itching

	== Negative ==		=== Negative ===
	Some users may experience		Some users may experience
	* Nausea		* Nausea
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	In high doses, overdoses, or in patients not tolerant to opiates, tramadol can cause shallow breathing, bradycardia, cold-clammy skin, apnea, hypotension, miosis, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death.		In high doses, overdoses, or in patients not tolerant to opiates, tramadol can cause shallow breathing, bradycardia, cold-clammy skin, apnea, hypotension, miosis, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death.

	= Chemistry and Pharmacology =		== Chemistry and Pharmacology ==

	Tramadol acts as a μ-opioid receptor agonist, serotonin releasing agent (SRA), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), NMDA receptor antagonist, 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, 5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist,TRPV1 receptor agonist, and M1 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptorantagonist. and can cause seizures, serotonin syndrome and even death when combined with certain stimulants and other reuptake inhibitors.		Tramadol acts as a μ-opioid receptor agonist, serotonin releasing agent (SRA), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), NMDA receptor antagonist, 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, 5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist,TRPV1 receptor agonist, and M1 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptorantagonist. and can cause seizures, serotonin syndrome and even death when combined with certain stimulants and other reuptake inhibitors.

	= Harm Reduction =		== Harm Reduction ==
	* Do not drive or operate machinery while under the influence of tramadol.		* Do not drive or operate machinery while under the influence of tramadol.
	* Alcohol and many other drugs are extremely dangerous to combine with tramadol, for a list of interactions refer to [[Drug combinations]].		* Alcohol and many other drugs are extremely dangerous to combine with tramadol, for a list of interactions refer to [[Drug combinations]].
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	* Tramadol effects serotonin levels in the brain. For this reason it is recommended to taper on and taper off use over an extended time period.		* Tramadol effects serotonin levels in the brain. For this reason it is recommended to taper on and taper off use over an extended time period.

	== Seizure Risk ==		=== Seizure Risk ===

	We cannot stress this enough; if you have a history of seizures, we strongly urge you to stay away from tramadol as a recreational substance. By itself, it can decrease the seizure threshold. When combined with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, or in patients with epilepsy, the seizure threshold is further decreased. Seizures have been reported in humans receiving excessive single oral doses (700 mg) or large intravenous doses (300 mg). However, there have been several rare cases of people having grand-mal seizures at doses as low as 100-400 mg orally.		We cannot stress this enough; if you have a history of seizures, we strongly urge you to stay away from tramadol as a recreational substance. By itself, it can decrease the seizure threshold. When combined with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, or in patients with epilepsy, the seizure threshold is further decreased. Seizures have been reported in humans receiving excessive single oral doses (700 mg) or large intravenous doses (300 mg). However, there have been several rare cases of people having grand-mal seizures at doses as low as 100-400 mg orally.

	= Legal Status =		== Legal Status ==
	Tramadol (Ultram) was unscheduled in the United States and available by prescription only. But it was recently classified Schedule IV. This means that sales and distribution are allowed only by those with a license and only to those with a prescription (according to FDA regulations). Possession is illegal without a prescription.		Tramadol (Ultram) was unscheduled in the United States and available by prescription only. But it was recently classified Schedule IV. This means that sales and distribution are allowed only by those with a license and only to those with a prescription (according to FDA regulations). Possession is illegal without a prescription.

	Australia: Schedule IV		*Australia: Schedule IV

	Canada: Tramadol is unscheduled, but most pharmacies will not sell to those without a prescription		*Canada: Tramadol is unscheduled, but most pharmacies will not sell to those without a prescription

	UK: Class C drug		*UK: Class C drug

	Most of EU: Available by prescription only		*Most of EU: Available by prescription only

	= Links =		== Links ==

	[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramadol Wikipedia]		[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramadol Wikipedia]

GrimReaper at 11:13, 24 July 2014

2014-07-24T11:13:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:13, 24 July 2014
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	Most of EU: Available by prescription only		Most of EU: Available by prescription only

			= Links =

			[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramadol Wikipedia]

			[http://www.erowid.org/pharms/tramadol/tramadol.shtml Erowid's Tramadol Vault]

GrimReaper: /* Harm Reduction */

2014-07-17T17:40:25Z

Harm Reduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:40, 17 July 2014
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	* Do not drive or operate machinery while under the influence of tramadol.		* Do not drive or operate machinery while under the influence of tramadol.
	* Alcohol and many other drugs are extremely dangerous to combine with tramadol, for a list of interactions refer to [[Drug combinations]].		* Alcohol and many other drugs are extremely dangerous to combine with tramadol, for a list of interactions refer to [[Drug combinations]].
	* Mainly, do not combine with benzos, other opiates, or other ~~serotonic rugs~~		* Mainly, do not combine with benzos, other opiates, or other serotogenic drugs

	* Tramadol effects serotonin levels in the brain. For this reason it is recommended to taper on and taper off use over an extended time period.		* Tramadol effects serotonin levels in the brain. For this reason it is recommended to taper on and taper off use over an extended time period.

Trainwreck at 16:30, 17 July 2014

2014-07-17T16:30:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:30, 17 July 2014
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	We cannot stress this enough; if you have a history of seizures, we strongly urge you to stay away from tramadol as a recreational substance. By itself, it can decrease the seizure threshold. When combined with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, or in patients with epilepsy, the seizure threshold is further decreased. Seizures have been reported in humans receiving excessive single oral doses (700 mg) or large intravenous doses (300 mg). However, there have been several rare cases of people having grand-mal seizures at doses as low as 100-400 mg orally.		We cannot stress this enough; if you have a history of seizures, we strongly urge you to stay away from tramadol as a recreational substance. By itself, it can decrease the seizure threshold. When combined with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, or in patients with epilepsy, the seizure threshold is further decreased. Seizures have been reported in humans receiving excessive single oral doses (700 mg) or large intravenous doses (300 mg). However, there have been several rare cases of people having grand-mal seizures at doses as low as 100-400 mg orally.

	== Legal Status ==		= Legal Status =
	Tramadol (Ultram) was unscheduled in the United States and available by prescription only. But it was recently classified Schedule IV. This means that sales and distribution are allowed only by those with a license and only to those with a prescription (according to FDA regulations). Possession is illegal without a prescription.		Tramadol (Ultram) was unscheduled in the United States and available by prescription only. But it was recently classified Schedule IV. This means that sales and distribution are allowed only by those with a license and only to those with a prescription (according to FDA regulations). Possession is illegal without a prescription.

Trainwreck at 16:29, 17 July 2014

2014-07-17T16:29:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:29, 17 July 2014
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	* Do not drive or operate machinery while under the influence of tramadol.		* Do not drive or operate machinery while under the influence of tramadol.
	* Alcohol and many other drugs are extremely dangerous to combine with tramadol, for a list of interactions refer to [[Drug combinations]].		* Alcohol and many other drugs are extremely dangerous to combine with tramadol, for a list of interactions refer to [[Drug combinations]].
			* Mainly, do not combine with benzos, other opiates, or other serotonic rugs

	* Tramadol effects serotonin levels in the brain. For this reason it is recommended to taper on, and taper off use.		* Tramadol effects serotonin levels in the brain. For this reason it is recommended to taper on and taper off use over an extended time period.

	== Seizure Risk ==		== Seizure Risk ==

	We cannot stress this enough; if you have a history of seizures, we strongly urge you to stay away from tramadol as a recreational substance. By itself, it can decrease the seizure threshold. When combined with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, or in patients with epilepsy, the seizure threshold is further decreased. Seizures have been reported in humans receiving excessive single oral doses (700 mg) or large intravenous doses (300 mg). However, there have been several rare cases of people having grand-mal seizures at doses as low as 100-400 mg orally.		We cannot stress this enough; if you have a history of seizures, we strongly urge you to stay away from tramadol as a recreational substance. By itself, it can decrease the seizure threshold. When combined with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, or in patients with epilepsy, the seizure threshold is further decreased. Seizures have been reported in humans receiving excessive single oral doses (700 mg) or large intravenous doses (300 mg). However, there have been several rare cases of people having grand-mal seizures at doses as low as 100-400 mg orally.

			== Legal Status ==
			Tramadol (Ultram) was unscheduled in the United States and available by prescription only. But it was recently classified Schedule IV. This means that sales and distribution are allowed only by those with a license and only to those with a prescription (according to FDA regulations). Possession is illegal without a prescription.

			Australia: Schedule IV

			Canada: Tramadol is unscheduled, but most pharmacies will not sell to those without a prescription

			UK: Class C drug

			Most of EU: Available by prescription only

Reality at 14:52, 16 July 2014

2014-07-16T14:52:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:52, 16 July 2014
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	= Dosage =		= Dosage =

	Doses are given on a tolerance scale, since it accrues quickly; users should note that the lowering of the seizure threshold occurs regardless of tolerance.		Doses are given on a tolerance scale, since it accrues quickly; users should note that the lowering of the seizure threshold occurs regardless of tolerance.

	== No ~~tolerance ==~~		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Oral (No Tolerance)
			\|-
			\| Light \|\| 50-100mg
			\|-
			\| Common \|\| 75-200mg
			\|-
			\| Strong \|\| 250mg+
			\|}

	~~Light: 50-100 mg~~		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Oral (Tolerance)
	~~Common: 75~~ - ~~200 mg~~		\|-
			\| Medium-High Tolerance \|\| 200-250mg
	~~Strong: 250+ mg~~		\|-
			\| Very High Tolerance \|\| 300-400mg (seizure threshold is dangerously lowered)
	~~== Common dosage with tolerance ==~~		\|-
			\| Extremely High Tolerance \|\| 400mg+ (potentially fatal for new users)
	Medium-High ~~tolerance:~~ 200-~~250 mg~~		\|}

	Very High ~~tolerance:~~ 300-~~400 mg~~ (~~Seizure~~ threshold is dangerously lowered ~~at this point.~~)

	Extremely High ~~tolerance: 400~~+ mg (~~Potentially~~ fatal for new users~~. Seizure threshold is dangerously lowered at this point.~~)

	= Duration=		= Duration=
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	Long onset, slowly building to a peak by hour 4 with maximum blood concentration achieved near hour 4.5.		Long onset, slowly building to a peak by hour 4 with maximum blood concentration achieved near hour 4.5.

	Onset: 1-2 hours		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Oral
	Peak: 3-4 hours		\|-
			\| Onset \|\| 1-2 hours
	Total ~~Duration:~~ 5-7 hours		\|-
			\| Peak \|\| 3-4 hours
			\|-
			\| Total \|\| 5-7 hours
			\|}

	= Effects =		= Effects =

Roi at 18:57, 14 July 2014

2014-07-14T18:57:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:57, 14 July 2014
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	[[File:Zuza_tramal.jpg\|right\|200px\|Tramal]]		[[File:Zuza_tramal.jpg\|right\|200px\|Tramal]]

	Tramadol is a ~~sedative and~~ a ~~painkiller, which is also an~~ SNRI. It is used as a prescription drug in many countries to treat moderate pain (often combined with paracetamol), and also sees recreational use for its euphoric ~~opioid~~ effects. Due to its complex and atypical nature, it has also been investigated for use in the treatment of many conditions, including PTSD, opioid withdrawal, OCD and the management of diabetic side-effects.		Tramadol is a opioid that also acts as a SNRI. It is used as a prescription drug in many countries to treat moderate pain (often combined with paracetamol), and also sees recreational use for its euphoric effects. Due to its complex and atypical nature, it has also been investigated for use in the treatment of many conditions, including PTSD, opioid withdrawal, OCD and the management of diabetic side-effects.

	= History =		= History =
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	== Common dosage with tolerance ==		== Common dosage with tolerance ==

	Medium-High tolerance: ~~200mg~~-~~250mg~~		Medium-High tolerance: 200-250 mg

	Very High tolerance: ~~300mg~~-~~400mg~~ (Seizure threshold is dangerously lowered at this point)		Very High tolerance: 300-400 mg (Seizure threshold is dangerously lowered at this point.)

	Extremely High tolerance: ~~400mg~~+ (~~potentially~~ fatal for new users. Seizure threshold is dangerously lowered at this point)		Extremely High tolerance: 400+ mg (Potentially fatal for new users. Seizure threshold is dangerously lowered at this point.)

	= Duration=		= Duration=
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	== Positive ==		== Positive ==
	*Euphoria		* Euphoria
	*Pain relief		* Pain relief
	*Elevated mood		* Elevated mood
	*Overall feeling of contentedness		* Overall feeling of contentedness

	== Neutral ==		== Neutral ==
	*Itching		* Itching

	== Negative ==		== Negative ==
	Some users may experience		Some users may experience
	*Nausea		* Nausea
	*Constipation		* Constipation
	*CNS depression		* CNS depression
	*Drowsiness		* Drowsiness
	*Hot/cold flashes		* Hot/cold flashes
	*Dizziness		* Dizziness
	*Vomiting		* Vomiting
	*Urinary retention (difficulty urinating)		* Urinary retention (difficulty urinating)

	In high doses, overdoses, or in patients not tolerant to opiates, tramadol can cause shallow breathing, bradycardia, cold-clammy skin, apnea, hypotension, miosis, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death.		In high doses, overdoses, or in patients not tolerant to opiates, tramadol can cause shallow breathing, bradycardia, cold-clammy skin, apnea, hypotension, miosis, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death.
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	= Chemistry and Pharmacology =		= Chemistry and Pharmacology =

	SNRI		Tramadol acts as a μ-opioid receptor agonist, serotonin releasing agent (SRA), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), NMDA receptor antagonist, 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, 5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist,TRPV1 receptor agonist, and M1 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptorantagonist. and can cause seizures, serotonin syndrome and even death when combined with certain stimulants and other reuptake inhibitors.

	~~Reuptake inhibitor of~~ serotonin and ~~of norepinephrine~~

	= Harm Reduction =		= Harm Reduction =
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	== Seizure Risk ==		== Seizure Risk ==

	We cannot stress this enough; if you have a history of seizures, we strongly urge you to stay away from tramadol as a recreational substance. By itself, it can decrease the seizure threshold. When combined with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, or in patients with epilepsy, the seizure threshold is further decreased. Seizures have been reported in humans receiving excessive single oral doses (700 mg) or large intravenous doses (300 mg). However, there have been several rare cases of people having grand-mal seizures at doses as low as ~~100–400~~ mg orally.		We cannot stress this enough; if you have a history of seizures, we strongly urge you to stay away from tramadol as a recreational substance. By itself, it can decrease the seizure threshold. When combined with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, or in patients with epilepsy, the seizure threshold is further decreased. Seizures have been reported in humans receiving excessive single oral doses (700 mg) or large intravenous doses (300 mg). However, there have been several rare cases of people having grand-mal seizures at doses as low as 100-400 mg orally.

GrimReaper at 18:50, 14 July 2014

2014-07-14T18:50:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:50, 14 July 2014
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	Strong: 250+ mg		Strong: 250+ mg


	== Common dosage with tolerance ==		== Common dosage with tolerance ==

GrimReaper at 18:50, 14 July 2014

2014-07-14T18:50:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:50, 14 July 2014
Line 13:		Line 13:
	Doses are given on a tolerance scale, since it accrues quickly; users should note that the lowering of the seizure threshold occurs regardless of tolerance.		Doses are given on a tolerance scale, since it accrues quickly; users should note that the lowering of the seizure threshold occurs regardless of tolerance.

	No tolerance: ~~150mg~~-~~200mg~~		== No tolerance ==

			Light: 50-100 mg

			Common: 75 - 200 mg

			Strong: 250+ mg


			== Common dosage with tolerance ==

	Medium-High tolerance: 200mg-250mg		Medium-High tolerance: 200mg-250mg

Reality at 16:26, 14 July 2014

2014-07-14T16:26:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:26, 14 July 2014
Line 65:		Line 65:
	* Alcohol and many other drugs are extremely dangerous to combine with tramadol, for a list of interactions refer to [[Drug combinations]].		* Alcohol and many other drugs are extremely dangerous to combine with tramadol, for a list of interactions refer to [[Drug combinations]].

	* Tramadol effects serotonin levels in the brain. For this reason it is ~~reccomended~~ to taper on, and taper off use.		* Tramadol effects serotonin levels in the brain. For this reason it is recommended to taper on, and taper off use.

	== Seizure Risk ==		== Seizure Risk ==