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</table>GrimReaperhttps://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?title=Rhodendrons&diff=621&oldid=prev66.130.115.121: Created page with "<table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="50%">The asset ..."2013-02-02T21:47:20Z<p>Created page with "<table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="50%">The asset ..."</p>
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<td valign="top" width="50%">The asset live in the mountains of the northern<br />
<br />
Caucasus and are thought to be later descendants<br />
<br />
of the ancient Scythians. The Oriental scholar<br />
<br />
Julius Klaproth visited the asset during the<br />
<br />
nineteenth century and returned with a description<br />
<br />
of a divination ritual in which the<br />
<br />
Caucasus rhododendron (whether the botanical identification is correct remains open) was used as<br />
<br />
a psychoactive incense (Klaproth 1823,2:223 f.):<br />
<br />
He described their ardent devotion to the<br />
<br />
prophet Elias, who was regarded as their<br />
<br />
greatest protector. In caves consecrated to<br />
<br />
him, they [the Osset] offered goats and<br />
<br />
consumed their flesh; after which they spread<br />
<br />
the skins out under a large tree and honored<br />
<br />
these in a special fashion on the prophet's feast<br />
<br />
day so that he would keep away the hail and<br />
<br />
grant them a bountiful harvest. The Osset<br />
<br />
would often go to these caves to inebriate<br />
<br />
themselves on the smoke of Rhododendron<br />
<br />
caucasicum, which would cause them to sleep<br />
<br />
deeply. The dreams that appeared to them<br />
<br />
under these circumstances were interpreted as<br />
<br />
prophecies. (Ginzburg 1990, 165)<br />
<br />
The Caucasus rhododendron (section Pontica)<br />
<br />
is a broad bush that grows to only about 1 meter in<br />
<br />
height. The flowers are creamy or pale yellow,<br />
<br />
sometimes with pink spots. The plant typically<br />
<br />
blooms from April to May and is found primarily<br />
<br />
at an altitude between 1,800 and 2,700 meters. It is<br />
<br />
found across northeastern Turkey and the<br />
<br />
Caucasus Mountains (Cox 1985, 175). Its evergreen<br />
<br />
leaves are weakly aromatic. Rhododendron<br />
<br />
caucasicum is only rarely encountered in rhododendron<br />
<br />
gardens, for it is much more difficult to<br />
<br />
cultivate than are other species.<br />
<br />
In Nepal, the closely related Rhododendron<br />
<br />
lepidotum WalL ex Donn (in two forms: var. album<br />
<br />
Davidian and var. minutiforme Davidian; cf. Cox<br />
<br />
1985, 113 f.) is still used today as a ritual and<br />
<br />
shamanic incense, the effects of which are very<br />
<br />
subtle (see incense). In Tibet and China, other<br />
<br />
rhododendron species are also used as incense.<br />
<br />
The yellow-flowered Rhododendron cinnabarinum<br />
<br />
Hook f. is found in the high mountains of Sikkim.<br />
<br />
Its smoke is said to have a profound effect on yaks,<br />
<br />
producing a strong inebriation and altering their<br />
<br />
behavior. It is possible that it also has psychoactive<br />
<br />
effects upon humans.<br />
<br />
In Nepal, the leaves of a Rhododendron species<br />
<br />
are mixed with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) for<br />
<br />
smoking. A snuff is made from the bark of a Rhododendron<br />
<br />
species and tobacco leaves (Hartwich<br />
<br />
1911, 108*).<br />
<br />
Other rhododendron species, e.g., the rustyleaved<br />
<br />
alpine rose (Rhododendron ferrugineum 1.)<br />
<br />
and the Pontic rhododendron (Rhododendron<br />
<br />
ponticum 1.), yield a psychoactive/toxic honey.<br />
<br />
The Tartars made a tea from the leaves (ten or<br />
<br />
more) of the gold-yellow alpine rose (Rhododendron<br />
<br />
chrysanthum PalL [sm. Rhododendron<br />
<br />
officinale Salisb., Rhododendron aureum Georg])<br />
<br />
that is said to have produced a state of inebriation<br />
<br />
(Roth et al 1994, 612*). There is also a cultivar,<br />
<br />
Rhododendron x sochadzeae, resulting from a cross between R. ponticum and R. caucasicum (Cox<br />
<br />
1985, 175 f.). This rare ornamental variety may<br />
<br />
have potent psychoactive effects.<br />
<br />
The aromatic species of rhododendron contain<br />
<br />
relatively high concentrations of essential oil.<br />
<br />
Mongolian species contain primarily limonene,<br />
<br />
aromadendrene, caryophyllene, d-candinene, r3selinene,<br />
<br />
and gurjunene (Satar 1985).<br />
<br />
It is would be an interesting task to investigate<br />
<br />
a possible cultural link between rhododendron<br />
<br />
forests and psilocybin mushrooms. Rhododendron<br />
<br />
groves are a preferred habitiat of some psychoactive<br />
<br />
mushrooms, e.g., Psilocybe cyanescens.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="53%"><strong>Literature</strong><br />
<br />
Cox, Peter A. 1985. The smaller rhododendrons.<br />
<br />
Portland, Ore.: Timber Press.<br />
<br />
Ginzburg, Carlo. 1990. Hexensabbat. Berlin:<br />
<br />
Wagenbach.<br />
<br />
Klaproth, Julius. 1823. Voyage au Mont Caucase et en<br />
<br />
Georgie. 2 vols. Paris.<br />
<br />
Satar, S. 1985. Analyse der atherischen Ole aus drei<br />
<br />
Rhododendron-Arten der Mongolischen<br />
<br />
Volksrepublik. Pharmazie 40 (6): 432.</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table></div>66.130.115.121