Pregnancy Risks - Revision history

Drag: Heroin section added + sources linked for completed opioids

2016-07-29T23:53:03Z

Heroin section added + sources linked for completed opioids

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:53, 29 July 2016
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	Heroin		Heroin

			Expectant mothers who use heroin regularly are likely to experience symptoms that are incredibly damaging to both themselves and their unborn child. Foetal growth restriction, abruptio placentae (early separation of the placenta from the uterus), foetus death, preterm (premature) labour, and intrauterine passage of meconium (constriction of early foetal movement) are associated with heavy usage of the drug during pregnancy.

			https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/how-does-heroin-abuse-affect-pregnant-women

			http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Health-Care-for-Underserved-Women/Opioid-Abuse-Dependence-and-Addiction-in-Pregnancy


	Hydromorphone		Hydromorphone
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	~~U4700~~ (spell check)		U47700 (spell check)

Drag: Fentanyl section written and uploaded

2016-07-29T23:49:05Z

Fentanyl section written and uploaded

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:49, 29 July 2016
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	'''Opioids'''		'''Opioids'''

	Important notice regarding heavy opioid usage during pregnancy: ~~Needs to be bolded~~		'''Important notice regarding heavy opioid usage during pregnancy:'''

	Pregnant woman should avoid heavy usage of any opioid unless it is recommended by a trained healthcare professional. Opioids are well known to be habit forming; both physical and psychological addictions can quickly develop. Most opioids easily pass through the placenta membrane and portions of the doses administered to the mother usually end up in the foetus’ bloodstream. The unborn child will naturally adapt to their mother’s regular consumption and develop Opioid Abstinence Syndrome. This condition, if not addressed and treated before birth, commonly causes foetal death and fatal seizures at birth.		Pregnant woman should avoid heavy usage of any opioid unless it is recommended by a trained healthcare professional. Opioids are well known to be habit forming; both physical and psychological addictions can quickly develop. Most opioids easily pass through the placenta membrane and portions of the doses administered to the mother usually end up in the foetus’ bloodstream. The unborn child will naturally adapt to their mother’s regular consumption and develop Opioid Abstinence Syndrome. This condition, if not addressed and treated before birth, commonly causes foetal death and fatal seizures at birth.

			http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Health-Care-for-Underserved-Women/Opioid-Abuse-Dependence-and-Addiction-in-Pregnancy

	Fentanyl (Category C)		Fentanyl (Category C)

			Extremely potent and fatal at doses within the microgram range, Fentanyl should only be administered to expectant mothers when the associated risks are heavily outweighed by the potential benefits. As no reliable studies have been conducted on human subjects, it is practically unknown whether fentanyl can cause deformities to form during foetus development. However, symptoms commonly observed in newborn infants include: transient (temporary) respiratory depression, behavioural changes and transient muscular rigidity.

			IMPORTANT: Fentanyl crosses through the placenta easily. Recreational dosing of Fentanyl should be avoided while pregnant; even a tiny mis-measurement in dosage (over-dosage) is likely to lead to serious harm to both the mother and the developing foetus.

			https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/19813s039lbl.pdf

	Heroin		Heroin

Drag: Opioid pregnancy general warning section completed + some formatting

2016-07-29T23:43:28Z

Opioid pregnancy general warning section completed + some formatting

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:43, 29 July 2016
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	'''Opioids'''		'''Opioids'''

	Fentanyl		Important notice regarding heavy opioid usage during pregnancy: Needs to be bolded

			Pregnant woman should avoid heavy usage of any opioid unless it is recommended by a trained healthcare professional. Opioids are well known to be habit forming; both physical and psychological addictions can quickly develop. Most opioids easily pass through the placenta membrane and portions of the doses administered to the mother usually end up in the foetus’ bloodstream. The unborn child will naturally adapt to their mother’s regular consumption and develop Opioid Abstinence Syndrome. This condition, if not addressed and treated before birth, commonly causes foetal death and fatal seizures at birth.

			Fentanyl (Category C)

	Heroin		Heroin

Reality: Reality moved page Pregnancy categories to Pregnancy Risks

2016-07-25T22:44:43Z

Reality moved page Pregnancy categories to Pregnancy Risks

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:44, 25 July 2016
(No difference)

Medic at 22:34, 25 July 2016

2016-07-25T22:34:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:34, 25 July 2016
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	Evekeo:		Evekeo:

	''Pregnancy category C'' according to the manufacturers site. dextroamphetamine (50% of the ingredients in evekeo) caused congenital defects in mice.		''Pregnancy category C'' according to the manufacturers site. dextroamphetamine (50% of the ingredients in evekeo) caused congenital defects in mice.

	https://www.evekeo.com/assets/evekeo-pi.pdf		https://www.evekeo.com/assets/evekeo-pi.pdf
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	'''Benzodiazepines'''		'''Benzodiazepines'''


	''In general the FDA has found that benzodiazepines as a class increase the risk for congenital malformations for the fetus when taken by a pregnant mother and should only be taken when the benefits absolutely outweigh the risks''		''In general the FDA has found that benzodiazepines as a class increase the risk for congenital malformations for the fetus when taken by a pregnant mother and should only be taken when the benefits absolutely outweigh the risks''
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	Alprazolam (Xanax):		Alprazolam (Xanax):

	''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Potential to cause congenital defects with the fetus if used during pregnancy.		''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Potential to cause congenital defects with the fetus if used during pregnancy.

	http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/018276s044,021434s006lbl.pdf		http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/018276s044,021434s006lbl.pdf
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	Lorazepam (Ativan):		Lorazepam (Ativan):

	''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Studies in animals show potential for congenital defects. Newborns upon delivery from mothers who used Ativan late into their trimesters were seen to have respiratory depression or stopped breathing completely.		''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Studies in animals show potential for congenital defects. Newborns upon delivery from mothers who used Ativan late into their trimesters were seen to have respiratory depression or stopped breathing completely.

	http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/017794s034s035lbl.pdf		http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/017794s034s035lbl.pdf
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	Midazolam (Versed):		Midazolam (Versed):

	''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Studies show increased chance of congenital malformations		''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Studies show increased chance of congenital malformations

	https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/midazolam.html		https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/midazolam.html

Medic at 22:30, 25 July 2016

2016-07-25T22:30:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:30, 25 July 2016
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	Evekeo:		Evekeo:

	'''Pregnancy category C''' according to the manufacturers site. dextroamphetamine (50% of the ingredients in evekeo) caused congenital defects in mice.		''Pregnancy category C'' according to the manufacturers site. dextroamphetamine (50% of the ingredients in evekeo) caused congenital defects in mice.

	https://www.evekeo.com/assets/evekeo-pi.pdf		https://www.evekeo.com/assets/evekeo-pi.pdf

Medic: reformatted

2016-07-23T04:40:29Z

reformatted

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:40, 22 July 2016
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	''Stimulants'''		''Stimulants'''

	Amphetamine sulfate (Adderall): ''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. Evidence has shown usage during pregnancy can cause premature birth, low birthweight, and withdrawal syndrome in the baby. This occurs more often in abuse of adderall. Recommendation is to consult with a physician if you are pregnant.		Amphetamine sulfate (Adderall):

			''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. Evidence has shown usage during pregnancy can cause premature birth, low birthweight, and withdrawal syndrome in the baby. This occurs more often in abuse of adderall. Recommendation is to consult with a physician if you are pregnant.

	https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/011522s040lbl.pdf		https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/011522s040lbl.pdf
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	Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine): ''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. Animal trials indicate teratogenic effects meaning that it affects the genes of the fetus causing congenital defects. One reported human case supports this theory		Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine):

			''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. Animal trials indicate teratogenic effects meaning that it affects the genes of the fetus causing congenital defects. One reported human case supports this theory

	https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dextroamphetamine.html		https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dextroamphetamine.html
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	http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/017078s042lbl.pdf		http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/017078s042lbl.pdf

	Evekeo: '''Pregnancy category C''' according to the manufacturers site. dextroamphetamine (50% of the ingredients in evekeo) caused congenital defects in mice.		Evekeo:

			'''Pregnancy category C''' according to the manufacturers site. dextroamphetamine (50% of the ingredients in evekeo) caused congenital defects in mice.

	https://www.evekeo.com/assets/evekeo-pi.pdf		https://www.evekeo.com/assets/evekeo-pi.pdf
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	Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta): ''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. High doses administered to rabbits in animal studies resulted in fetuses having congenital malformations (spina bifida mainly which is an incomplete development of the spine).		Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta):

			''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. High doses administered to rabbits in animal studies resulted in fetuses having congenital malformations (spina bifida mainly which is an incomplete development of the spine).

	http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/010187s069,018029s040,021284s011lbl.pdf		http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/010187s069,018029s040,021284s011lbl.pdf
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	''In general the FDA has found that benzodiazepines as a class increase the risk for congenital malformations for the fetus when taken by a pregnant mother and should only be taken when the benefits absolutely outweigh the risks''		''In general the FDA has found that benzodiazepines as a class increase the risk for congenital malformations for the fetus when taken by a pregnant mother and should only be taken when the benefits absolutely outweigh the risks''

	Alprazolam (Xanax): ''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Potential to cause congenital defects with the fetus if used during pregnancy.		Alprazolam (Xanax):

			''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Potential to cause congenital defects with the fetus if used during pregnancy.

	http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/018276s044,021434s006lbl.pdf		http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/018276s044,021434s006lbl.pdf
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	Clorazepate		Clorazepate

	Diazepam (Valium): ''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Potential to cause congenital defects proven through animal studies.		Diazepam (Valium):

			''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Potential to cause congenital defects proven through animal studies.

	http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/013263s083lbl.pdf		http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/013263s083lbl.pdf
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	Loprazolam		Loprazolam

	Lorazepam (Ativan): ''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Studies in animals show potential for congenital defects. Newborns upon delivery from mothers who used Ativan late into their trimesters were seen to have respiratory depression or stopped breathing completely.		Lorazepam (Ativan):

			''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Studies in animals show potential for congenital defects. Newborns upon delivery from mothers who used Ativan late into their trimesters were seen to have respiratory depression or stopped breathing completely.

	http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/017794s034s035lbl.pdf		http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/017794s034s035lbl.pdf
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	Medazepam		Medazepam

	Midazolam (Versed): ''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Studies show increased chance of congenital malformations		Midazolam (Versed):

			''Pregnancy category D'' according to the FDA. Studies show increased chance of congenital malformations

	https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/midazolam.html		https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/midazolam.html

Drag: Added most stimulants + vicodin and oxycodone

2016-07-23T01:50:39Z

Added most stimulants + vicodin and oxycodone

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:50, 22 July 2016
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	Oxycodone		Oxycodone

			As with other synthetic opioids, usage of oxycodone during pregnancy carries some risk. High enough dosages can easily cross the placenta barrier and cause respiratory depression for the developing foetus. New born infants can also be birthed with a life threatening dependence for oxycodone, if the mother’s usage is sustained. The new-born child may also experience potentially fatal symptoms such as seizures and rigidity.

			http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022272s027lbl.pdf
			https://www.drugs.com/oxycodone.html


	Oxymorphone		Oxymorphone

	Vicodin		Vicodin

			It is strongly advised against to use high doses of Vicodin while pregnant. After sustained usage by the mother, babies born can experience life threatening withdrawal symptoms at birth. This medicine can also easily pass into breastmilk and this can harm the baby greatly, so breastfeeding while using Vicodin is discouraged. There is also a small teratogenic risk prevalent, meaning using Vicodin while pregnant could lead to stunted foetus growth.

			https://www.drugs.com/vicodin.html
			http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3459/vicodin-oral/details/list-precautions


	U4700 (spell check)		U4700 (spell check)

Drag at 01:47, 23 July 2016

2016-07-23T01:47:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:47, 22 July 2016
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	~~'''~~Alcohol~~'''~~		Alcohol

			Drinking while pregnant creates and strengthens many risks associated with childbirth. Binge drinking during the first three months of pregnancy greatly increases the risk of an early miscarriage as alcohol passes easily through the placenta. After this period, regular alcohol consumption may contribute to stunted brain and body growth of the foetus. It will also increase the chances of premature labour, which can be incredibly dangerous for both the baby and mother.

			https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/patients/patient-information-leaflets/pregnancy/pi-alcohol-and-pregnancy.pdf

	'''Stimulants'''
			''Stimulants'''

	Amphetamine sulfate (Adderall): ''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. Evidence has shown usage during pregnancy can cause premature birth, low birthweight, and withdrawal syndrome in the baby. This occurs more often in abuse of adderall. Recommendation is to consult with a physician if you are pregnant.		Amphetamine sulfate (Adderall): ''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. Evidence has shown usage during pregnancy can cause premature birth, low birthweight, and withdrawal syndrome in the baby. This occurs more often in abuse of adderall. Recommendation is to consult with a physician if you are pregnant.
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	Caffeine		Caffeine

			A relatively safe substance to take in moderation while pregnant, caffeine usage is not discouraged if consumption is under 200mg (two cups of instant coffee) a day. However, Repeated ingestion of high doses of caffeine during pregnancy carries significant risk to the unborn foetus. Reduction of birth weight is common and miscarriages can even be induced by heavy usage.

			http://www.nhs.uk/chq/pages/limit-caffeine-during-pregnancy.aspx?categoryid=54&subcategoryid=130


	Cocaine		Cocaine

	Crack (is ~~it freebase~~ cocaine~~? look into this)~~		Using cocaine while pregnant can cause many complications and be incredibly damaging to a foetus’ health. Normal pregnancy risks, such as high blood pressure and difficulty in childbirth, can be exasperated by cocaine consumption. As well as difficulties for the mother, babies born to cocaine taking mothers normally experience many birth defects, such as drastically reduced weight and head size. Ingesting cocaine while pregnant is especially dangerous as it greatly increases the risks of seizures for the mother.

			https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/cocaine/what-are-effects-maternal-cocaine-use


			Crack cocaine (Freebase cocaine)

			Smoking crack cocaine while pregnant can cause serious and permanent damage to an unborn child. As crack cocaine is chemically very similar to powdered cocaine, its usage carries many of the same risks that mothers who use powdered cocaine face. Birth defects are commonplace for the children of crack cocaine smoking mothers; Newborn babies are sometimes born underweight, or with smaller heads. Substantial harm to the mother can also be caused as the chances of seizures are greatly increased.

			https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/cocaine/what-are-effects-maternal-cocaine-use


	Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine): ''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. Animal trials indicate teratogenic effects meaning that it affects the genes of the fetus causing congenital defects. One reported human case supports this theory		Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine): ''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. Animal trials indicate teratogenic effects meaning that it affects the genes of the fetus causing congenital defects. One reported human case supports this theory
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	MDMA		MDMA

			As a powerful and stressful stimulant, MDMA can be very dangerous for pregnant woman. Users expose themselves to extreme risks such as heart problems and dangerous blood pressure increases. Heavy usage can have a profound negative impact on both an infant’s mental and motor development in early life.
			http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428761/


	Methamphetamine		Methamphetamine

			Using methamphetamine while pregnant can cause dangerous compilations for both the mother and foetus. After sustained consumption, abruption of the placenta can occur; this causes the separation of the mothers placental lining from their uterus and is potentially very damaging for the mother. Newborn babies may experience lethargy along with heart and brain abnormalities which will inevitably affect the child’s development and growth.

			https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/what-are-risks-methamphetamine-abuse-during-pregnancy


	Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta): ''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. High doses administered to rabbits in animal studies resulted in fetuses having congenital malformations (spina bifida mainly which is an incomplete development of the spine).		Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta): ''Pregnancy category C'' according to the FDA. High doses administered to rabbits in animal studies resulted in fetuses having congenital malformations (spina bifida mainly which is an incomplete development of the spine).
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	Nicotine		Nicotine

			Although Nicotine is considered a ‘mild’ stimulant, it is incredibly dangerous to smoke while pregnant. Expectant mothers consuming nicotine are increasing several risks to their unborn children. These risks include miscarriage, stillbirth and even sudden foetus death. Smoking causes reduced natural breastmilk production. Nicotine can be passed on to babies through breastfeeding, causing colic and upsetting the baby constantly.

			http://www.nhs.uk/smokefree/why-quit/smoking-in-pregnancy


	Vyvanse		Vyvanse

			It is not advised to continue or start Vyvanse usage while pregnant. Not much is known about potential risks to the mother and unborn child. Therefore, caution should be exercised and this drug should be avoided by pregnant mothers. Vyvanse is excreted into breastmilk and so the drug can be passed on to breastfed children easily.

			http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm089823.pdf

Medic: Added pregnancy category and cited source for evekeo

2016-07-17T23:43:33Z

Added pregnancy category and cited source for evekeo

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:43, 17 July 2016
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	http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/017078s042lbl.pdf		http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/017078s042lbl.pdf

	Evekeo		Evekeo: '''Pregnancy category C''' according to the manufacturers site. dextroamphetamine (50% of the ingredients in evekeo) caused congenital defects in mice.

			https://www.evekeo.com/assets/evekeo-pi.pdf

	Focalin		Focalin