Opioids - Revision history

Toasterlizard: Reverted edits by Dumbdumb123 (talk) to last revision by Sleep

2018-10-09T22:08:36Z

Reverted edits by Dumbdumb123 (talk) to last revision by Sleep

2018-10-09T22:05:06Z

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	= ~~Links~~ =		=Goodbye moonmen=

	~~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiod Wikipedia]~~

	~~[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/opiates/ Erowid]~~

	~~[[Category:Drug class]]~~

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	= ~~Chemistry and Pharmacology~~ =		=Goodbye moonmen=

	An opioid is any psychoactive chemical that resembles an opiate in its pharmacological effects. They work by binding to the opioid receptors (Delta, Kappa, Mu) Which are found in the Central/Peripheral nervous system and in the GI tract.

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	= ~~Addiction~~ =		=Goodbye moonmen=

	Opiates also give us the classical model of addiction. Used regularly, they produce tolerance - a need to continue increasing the dose in order to get the same effect, and stopping after repeated use produces withdrawal symptoms that can reinforce the addiction - physical discomfort and a mental craving for the drug, driving the user to continue taking the drug despite negative consequences of behaviour.

	= Chemistry and Pharmacology =		= Chemistry and Pharmacology =

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 An opioid is any psychoactive chemical that resembles an opiate in its pharmacological effects. They work by binding to the opioid receptors (Delta, Kappa, Mu) Which are found in the Central/Peripheral nervous system and in the GI tract.
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 = Links =

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Effects

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 = Addiction =

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History

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	= ~~History~~ =		=Goodbye moonmen=

	Opioids are among the world's oldest known drugs; the therapeutic use of the opium poppy predates recorded history. Excavations of the remains of Neolithic settlements in Switzerland (the Cortaillod culture, 3200-2600 B.C.), have shown that Papaver was already being cultivated then; perhaps for the food value in the seeds (45% oil), which we know as poppy seeds. The slightly narcotic property of this plant was undoubtedly already known then.

	[[Opium]] contains a considerable number of different substances, and in the nineteenth century, these were isolated. In 1806 Friedrich Serturner was the first to extract one of these substances in its pure form. He called morphine after Morpheus, the Greek god of sleep. Codeine (Robiquet, 1832) and papaverine (Merck, 1848) followed. These pure substances supplanted the use of raw opium for medical purposes. Like opium, they were frequently used as painkillers and as anti-diarrheal. The invention of the hypodermic needle in the mid-nineteenth century led to widespread use of morphine intravenously as a painkiller and recreational drug.

	= Effects =		= Effects =

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	~~[[File:Papaver_somniferum.jpg\|250px\|right\|Close-up color photo of a Papaver somniferum pod]]~~		=Goodbye moonmen=

	Opiates and opioids are classes of depressant analgesics derived from or chemically similar to substances found in Papaver somniferum, the opium poppy. They include both naturally occurring and synthetic substances. The term opiate is often used interchangeably for the term opioid. Opiate is limited to the natural alkaloids found in the resin of the poppy. Opioid refers to both opiates and synthetic substances as well as opioid peptides. The analgesic effect of opioids are due to decreased perception of pain, decreased reaction to pain as well as increased pain tolerance. They can also be used as for their antitussive properties.

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 Opiates and opioids are classes of depressant analgesics derived from or chemically similar to substances found in Papaver somniferum, the opium poppy. They include both naturally occurring and synthetic substances. The term opiate is often used interchangeably for the term opioid. Opiate is limited to the natural alkaloids found in the resin of the poppy. Opioid refers to both opiates and synthetic substances as well as opioid peptides. The analgesic effect of opioids are due to decreased perception of pain, decreased reaction to pain as well as increased pain tolerance. They can also be used as for their antitussive properties.
-= Dosage =
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 = Common opioids =