Mescaline - Revision history

Sleep: Fixed spelling/grammar mistakes.

2017-11-06T14:41:28Z

Fixed spelling/grammar mistakes.

Reality: move pic to left

2016-05-13T18:26:38Z

move pic to left

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:26, 13 May 2016
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	[[File:Mescaline.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Mescaline vial and powder]]		[[File:Mescaline.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|left\|Mescaline vial and powder]]

	'''Mescaline''' is a [[Psychedelics\|psychedelic]] phenethylamine derived from several ancient species of cactus, which have been used ritualistically for thousands of years. It continues to be used for spiritual, religious and recreational purposes today.		'''Mescaline''' is a [[Psychedelics\|psychedelic]] phenethylamine derived from several ancient species of cactus, which have been used ritualistically for thousands of years. It continues to be used for spiritual, religious and recreational purposes today.

Scribe: /* Effects */

2016-04-04T21:16:54Z

Effects

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	== Effects ==		== Effects ==
			Mescaline HCl is the only form of mescaline which can be vaporized, producing a much faster onset and shorter duration of effects.

	Note: The prevalence of negative effects increases with higher doses.		Note: The prevalence of negative effects increases with higher doses.
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	* Euphoria		* Euphoria
	* Increased sensitivity to touch		* Increased sensitivity to touch
			* Increased sense of smell
	* Music enhancement		* Music enhancement
	* Increased persistence of vision		* Increased persistence of vision

Scribe: /* Positive */

2016-04-04T21:12:41Z

Positive

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	* Increased sensitivity to touch		* Increased sensitivity to touch
	* Music enhancement		* Music enhancement
			* Increased persistence of vision

	=== Neutral ===		=== Neutral ===

Reality at 21:11, 4 April 2016

2016-04-04T21:11:05Z

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 == Dosage ==
-{| class="wikitable"
+{{#tdose: mescaline }}
 == Duration ==

Scribe: /* Interactions */ added information about metabolism&interactions

2016-04-04T21:08:56Z

Interactions: added information about metabolism&interactions

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	=== Interactions ===		=== Interactions ===
			Due to the illicit nature of mescaline, little empirical data is available regarding its interaction profile. It can be generally stated that mescaline potentiates the effects of stimulants including serotonergics, dopaminergics, and adrenergics. Care must be taken to reduce (by 80% or more) the amount of any stimulant taken in combination with Mescaline.

	~~Due to the illicit nature of mescaline, little empirical data is available regarding its interaction profile.~~ It's pharmacology ~~however~~ is fairly well understood and based on this it would not be advisable to mix mescaline with irreversible MAOIs and lithium. ~~Always~~ exercise extreme caution when ~~mixing~~ any ~~medications or drugs that do not have~~ well established interaction profiles.		It's pharmacology is fairly well understood and based on this it would not be advisable to mix mescaline with irreversible MAOIs and/or lithium. It is advisable to exercise extreme caution when combining any substances lacking well established interaction profiles.

	There are a significant amount of anecdotal reports that involve mixing mescaline with reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (RIMAs) both as extracted salts and ayahuasca style brews from harmaline/harmine containing plants. Caution is advised if one intends to attempt this. It can result in a significant alteration of the intensity and character of a mescaline trip. Note: Tyramine is a biosynthetic precursor of mescaline in some species of mescaline containing cacti. Harmful interactions between tyramine and irreversible MAOIs (such as isocarboxazid) are well established in medical literature so combining mescaline with this particular class of MAOI is strongly discouraged.		There are a significant amount of anecdotal reports that involve mixing mescaline with reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (RIMAs) both as extracted salts and ayahuasca style brews from harmaline/harmine containing plants. Caution is advised if one intends to attempt this. It can result in a significant alteration of the intensity and character of a mescaline trip. Note: Tyramine is a biosynthetic precursor of mescaline in some species of mescaline containing cacti. Harmful interactions between tyramine and irreversible MAOIs (such as isocarboxazid) are well established in medical literature so combining mescaline with this particular class of MAOI is strongly discouraged.

			Mescaline itself is oxidatively metabolized primarily by the enzyme SSAO (semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase). This enzyme can be inhibited directly with the hydrolysable tannins present in cranesbill root. Glucosamine is also a weak inhibitor of SSAO. Little information exists about potentiation of mescaline with SSAO inhibitors. It is not typical to do this because of the already long duration and because more mescaline is excreted unchanged in urine than is metabolized oxidatively by this enzyme.

			Mescaline shares the anabolic path of serotonin and is able to form analogous metabolites.

	See the [[Drug combinations]] chart for more information.		See the [[Drug combinations]] chart for more information.

GrimReaper at 20:56, 2 October 2015

2015-10-02T20:56:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:56, 2 October 2015
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	[[File:Mescaline.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Mescaline vial and powder]]		[[File:Mescaline.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Mescaline vial and powder]]

	'''Mescaline''' is a [[Psychedelics\|psychedelic]] phenethylamine derived from several ancient species of cactus, which have been used ritualistically for thousands of years. It continues to be used for spiritual, religious and recreational purposes today.		'''Mescaline''' is a [[Psychedelics\|psychedelic]] phenethylamine derived from several ancient species of cactus, which have been used ritualistically for thousands of years. It continues to be used for spiritual, religious and recreational purposes today.

	== History ==		== History ==

GrimReaper at 15:29, 10 March 2015

2015-03-10T15:29:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:29, 10 March 2015
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	[[File:Mescaline.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Mescaline vial and powder]]		[[File:Mescaline.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Mescaline vial and powder]]

	Mescaline is a [[Psychedelics\|psychedelic]] phenethylamine derived from several ancient species of cactus, which have been used ritualistically for thousands of years. It continues to be used for spiritual, religious and recreational purposes today.		'''Mescaline''' is a [[Psychedelics\|psychedelic]] phenethylamine derived from several ancient species of cactus, which have been used ritualistically for thousands of years. It continues to be used for spiritual, religious and recreational purposes today.

	= History =		== History ==

	Mescaline is thought to be one of the oldest psychedelics used by humans, evidence suggesting Native Americans in Mexico consumed it ceremonially over 5700 years ago. However, it wasn't until 1919 that it was first synthesised by Ernst Spath. Eight years later, an extensive study of mescaline's effects was published in 'Der Meskalunraush', meaning 'The Mesacline High.' Then, in 1952 Dr. Humphry Osmond began working with psychedelics at the Weyburn Mental Hospital in Saskatchewan, Canada. Dr. Osmond was studying the similarities between Mescaline and the adrenaline molecule.		Mescaline is thought to be one of the oldest psychedelics used by humans, evidence suggesting Native Americans in Mexico consumed it ceremonially over 5700 years ago. However, it wasn't until 1919 that it was first synthesised by Ernst Spath. Eight years later, an extensive study of mescaline's effects was published in 'Der Meskalunraush', meaning 'The Mesacline High.' Then, in 1952 Dr. Humphry Osmond began working with psychedelics at the Weyburn Mental Hospital in Saskatchewan, Canada. Dr. Osmond was studying the similarities between Mescaline and the adrenaline molecule.
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	In 1991, Alexander and Ann Shulgin first published their book called [https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved], a collection of years' worth of work documenting in detail the synthesis and subjective effects of over 250 phenethylamines, including mescaline. This book is now widely considered to be one of the single most important pieces of literature in the history of pharmacology and chemistry. However, because it provided detailed information on the synthesis of hundreds of drugs, the book also led to their widespread clandestine production and distribution in the years following its release.		In 1991, Alexander and Ann Shulgin first published their book called [https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved], a collection of years' worth of work documenting in detail the synthesis and subjective effects of over 250 phenethylamines, including mescaline. This book is now widely considered to be one of the single most important pieces of literature in the history of pharmacology and chemistry. However, because it provided detailed information on the synthesis of hundreds of drugs, the book also led to their widespread clandestine production and distribution in the years following its release.

	= ~~Uses~~ =		== Usage ==

	The drinking of teas made from mescaline containing cacti is one of the oldest known instances of psychedelic drug use. Europeans noted use of peyote in Native American religious ceremonies upon early contact, notably by the Huichols in Mexico. Other mescaline-containing cacti such as the San Pedro have a long history of use in South America, from Peru to Ecuador.		The drinking of teas made from mescaline containing cacti is one of the oldest known instances of psychedelic drug use. Europeans noted use of peyote in Native American religious ceremonies upon early contact, notably by the Huichols in Mexico. Other mescaline-containing cacti such as the San Pedro have a long history of use in South America, from Peru to Ecuador.
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	In modern times, mescaline continues to be used recreationally - though is somewhat more uncommon than other psychedelics such as the [[2C-X]] series, which are very similar in effects, presumably due to its relatively low potency and difficulty in production.		In modern times, mescaline continues to be used recreationally - though is somewhat more uncommon than other psychedelics such as the [[2C-X]] series, which are very similar in effects, presumably due to its relatively low potency and difficulty in production.

	= Dosage =		== Dosage ==

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|}		\|}

	= Duration =		== Duration ==

	Note: Duration can be significantly longer with higher doses. Onset can vary, Avoid redosing.		Note: Duration can be significantly longer with higher doses. Onset can vary, Avoid redosing.
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	\|}		\|}

	= Effects =		== Effects ==

	Note: The prevalence of negative effects increases with higher doses.		Note: The prevalence of negative effects increases with higher doses.

	== Positive ==		=== Positive ===
	* Feelings of interconnectedness		* Feelings of interconnectedness
	* Spiritual events		* Spiritual events
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	* Music enhancement		* Music enhancement

	== Neutral ==		=== Neutral ===

	* Altered thinking processes		* Altered thinking processes
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	* Increased Perspiration		* Increased Perspiration

	== Negative ==		=== Negative ===

	* Nausea		* Nausea
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	(Note: Nausea and vomiting are extremely common with mescaline, particularly when consumed in the form of a cactus tea. Simple A/B extraction techniques can be applied to mescaline containing cacti. Both the literature and anecdotal evidence suggest that nausea is less common with the pure salts of mescaline.)		(Note: Nausea and vomiting are extremely common with mescaline, particularly when consumed in the form of a cactus tea. Simple A/B extraction techniques can be applied to mescaline containing cacti. Both the literature and anecdotal evidence suggest that nausea is less common with the pure salts of mescaline.)

	= Harm Reduction =		== Harm Reduction ==

	As with all psychedelic drugs, mescaline carries within it the potential for a very powerful experience, and as such has the potential to result a very difficult experience ('bad' trip). Mindset and setting play important roles in governing the nature of a psychedelic experience, among other things.		As with all psychedelic drugs, mescaline carries within it the potential for a very powerful experience, and as such has the potential to result a very difficult experience ('bad' trip). Mindset and setting play important roles in governing the nature of a psychedelic experience, among other things.
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	See [[Psychedelics#Harm_Reduction\|Psychedelic Harm Reduction]] and [[How To Deal With A Bad Trip]] for more information.		See [[Psychedelics#Harm_Reduction\|Psychedelic Harm Reduction]] and [[How To Deal With A Bad Trip]] for more information.

	==Interactions==		=== Interactions ===

	Due to the illicit nature of mescaline, little empirical data is available regarding its interaction profile. It's pharmacology however is fairly well understood and based on this it would not be advisable to mix mescaline with irreversible MAOIs and lithium. Always exercise extreme caution when mixing any medications or drugs that do not have well established interaction profiles.		Due to the illicit nature of mescaline, little empirical data is available regarding its interaction profile. It's pharmacology however is fairly well understood and based on this it would not be advisable to mix mescaline with irreversible MAOIs and lithium. Always exercise extreme caution when mixing any medications or drugs that do not have well established interaction profiles.
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	See the [[Drug combinations]] chart for more information.		See the [[Drug combinations]] chart for more information.

	= Chemistry and Pharmacology =		== Chemistry and Pharmacology ==

	==Chemistry==		=== Chemistry ===

	3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzeneethanamine (also referred to as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) or mescaline freebase, is a white crystalline odorless solid at room temperature. Its chemical formula is C11H17NO3 and it is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, benzene, xylene, toluene, acetone, dichloromethane, highly soluble in isopropyl alcohol, soluble in d-limonene and moderately soluble in water. It is practically insoluble in ether or petroleum ether and has melting/boiling points of 35-36°C and 180°C (12 mmHg) respectively. The freebase has a molecular weight of 211.26.		3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzeneethanamine (also referred to as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) or mescaline freebase, is a white crystalline odorless solid at room temperature. Its chemical formula is C11H17NO3 and it is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, benzene, xylene, toluene, acetone, dichloromethane, highly soluble in isopropyl alcohol, soluble in d-limonene and moderately soluble in water. It is practically insoluble in ether or petroleum ether and has melting/boiling points of 35-36°C and 180°C (12 mmHg) respectively. The freebase has a molecular weight of 211.26.
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	Many salts of mescaline are attainable and all have different physical properties and solubilty profiles. Here we cover the two most commonly explored salts. For some more information on the salts not covered here, check out the links section at the bottom of the page.		Many salts of mescaline are attainable and all have different physical properties and solubilty profiles. Here we cover the two most commonly explored salts. For some more information on the salts not covered here, check out the links section at the bottom of the page.

	==Pharmacology==		=== Pharmacology ===

	Mescaline shares structural similarities with Serotonin and Dopamine. Mescaline acts similarly to other psychedelics by binding to and activating the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor with low affinity and high efficacy. Mescaline is also known to bind to and activate the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor.		Mescaline shares structural similarities with Serotonin and Dopamine. Mescaline acts similarly to other psychedelics by binding to and activating the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor with low affinity and high efficacy. Mescaline is also known to bind to and activate the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor.
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	Some studies have concluded that mescaline goes through the body nearly unchanged. Six hours after dosing half of dose has been excreted and of between 20% and 50% of it is unchanged. The rest is the carboxylic acid, most likely degraded by MAO.		Some studies have concluded that mescaline goes through the body nearly unchanged. Six hours after dosing half of dose has been excreted and of between 20% and 50% of it is unchanged. The rest is the carboxylic acid, most likely degraded by MAO.

	== LD50 ==		=== LD50 ===

	The LD50 is unknown in humans. In experiments with rats, the LD50 for mescaline has been established in the range of 800-1200mg/kg orally. [https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/mescaline/mescaline_datasheet1.shtml See Mescaline MSDS via hazard.com]		The LD50 is unknown in humans. In experiments with rats, the LD50 for mescaline has been established in the range of 800-1200mg/kg orally. [https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/mescaline/mescaline_datasheet1.shtml See Mescaline MSDS via hazard.com]
	Considering the human dose range is about 100-1000mg, it would be very difficult to consume enough Mescaline to kill a human. As such, there are no recorded human deaths from the ingestion of mescaline. With that said, caution is still advised when consuming high doses.		Considering the human dose range is about 100-1000mg, it would be very difficult to consume enough Mescaline to kill a human. As such, there are no recorded human deaths from the ingestion of mescaline. With that said, caution is still advised when consuming high doses.

	= Legal status =		== Legal status ==

	* In Australia, the peyote cacti and other mescaline-containing plants such as San Pedro are illegal in Western Australia, Queensland and the Norther Territory, whilst in other states such as Victoria and New South Wales, they are legal for ornamental and gardening purposes.		* In Australia, the peyote cacti and other mescaline-containing plants such as San Pedro are illegal in Western Australia, Queensland and the Norther Territory, whilst in other states such as Victoria and New South Wales, they are legal for ornamental and gardening purposes.
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	* In the United States, mescaline was made illegal in 1970 by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act. The drug was prohibited internationally by the * 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances and is categorized as a Schedule I 'hallucinogen' by the CSA. Mescaline is legal only for certain groups (such as the Native American Church) and in scientific and medical research. The current state of the law is that while the federal government may not restrict use of peyote in ceremony, individual states do have a right to restrict its use/ Many states, including Utah have legalized peyote usage with 'sincere religious intent', or within a religious organization regardless of race.		* In the United States, mescaline was made illegal in 1970 by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act. The drug was prohibited internationally by the * 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances and is categorized as a Schedule I 'hallucinogen' by the CSA. Mescaline is legal only for certain groups (such as the Native American Church) and in scientific and medical research. The current state of the law is that while the federal government may not restrict use of peyote in ceremony, individual states do have a right to restrict its use/ Many states, including Utah have legalized peyote usage with 'sincere religious intent', or within a religious organization regardless of race.

	= Links =		== Links ==

	* [https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/mescaline/mescaline_journal7.shtml Mescaline: The Chemistry and Pharmacology of its Analogs]		* [https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/mescaline/mescaline_journal7.shtml Mescaline: The Chemistry and Pharmacology of its Analogs]

Trees: Removed empty 'Notes' section

2015-01-27T18:35:05Z

Removed empty 'Notes' section

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:35, 27 January 2015
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	* [https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Freebase_Mescaline Physical and Chemical Properties of Various Mescaline Salts]		* [https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Freebase_Mescaline Physical and Chemical Properties of Various Mescaline Salts]

	~~= Notes =~~

	~~<references />~~

	[[Category:Stimulant]]		[[Category:Stimulant]]
	[[Category:Psychedelic]]		[[Category:Psychedelic]]
	[[Category:Drugs]]		[[Category:Drugs]]

Reality: /* Harm Reduction */

2014-11-12T15:31:38Z

Harm Reduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 12 November 2014
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	= Harm Reduction =		= Harm Reduction =

	* As with all psychedelic drugs, mescaline carries within it the potential for a very powerful experience, and as such has the potential to result a very difficult experience ('bad' trip). Mindset and setting play important roles in governing the nature of a psychedelic experience, among other things.		As with all psychedelic drugs, mescaline carries within it the potential for a very powerful experience, and as such has the potential to result a very difficult experience ('bad' trip). Mindset and setting play important roles in governing the nature of a psychedelic experience, among other things.
	See [[Psychedelics#Harm_Reduction\|Psychedelic Harm Reduction]] for more information.
			See [[Psychedelics#Harm_Reduction\|Psychedelic Harm Reduction]] and [[How To Deal With A Bad Trip]] for more information.

	==Interactions==		==Interactions==