Kratom - Revision history

Trees: /* Legal status */

2016-08-30T18:18:11Z

Legal status

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:18, 30 August 2016
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	In late August of 2016 the [https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2016-20803.pdf DEA issued a statement] indicating intention to place Kratom on Schedule I of the US Controlled Substances Act in the temporary scheduling category. The ban is set to come into effect September 30th 2016.		In late August of 2016 the [https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2016-20803.pdf DEA issued a statement] indicating intention to place Kratom on Schedule I of the US Controlled Substances Act in the temporary scheduling category. The ban is set to come into effect September 30th 2016.

	It is currently an controlled substance in Thailand, Malaysia, Denmark, Israel, Myanmar, New Zealand, Romania, Russia and South Korea.		Kratom is currently a controlled substance in Thailand, Malaysia, Denmark, Israel, Myanmar, New Zealand, Romania, Russia and South Korea.

	Formerly, Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) was an uncontrolled substance in the United States. This means all parts of the plant and its extracts were legal to cultivate, buy, possess, and distribute (sell, trade or give) without a license or prescription. If sold as a supplement, sales had to conform to U.S. supplement laws. If sold for consumption as a food or drug, sales were regulated by the FDA.

	== Links ==		== Links ==

Trees: Added upcomming DEA temp-ban scheduling of Kratom

2016-08-30T18:15:27Z

Added upcomming DEA temp-ban scheduling of Kratom

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:15, 30 August 2016
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	== Legal status ==		== Legal status ==

	~~Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is uncontrolled in~~ the ~~United States~~. ~~This means all parts of the plant and its extracts are legal to cultivate, buy, possess, and distribute (sell, trade or give) without a license or prescription~~. ~~If sold as a supplement, sales must conform to U~~.S. ~~supplement laws~~. ~~If sold for consumption as~~ a ~~food or drug, sales are regulated by~~ the ~~FDA~~.		In late August of 2016 the [https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2016-20803.pdf DEA issued a statement] indicating intention to place Kratom on Schedule I of the US Controlled Substances Act in the temporary scheduling category. The ban is set to come into effect September 30th 2016.

	~~Kratom~~ is ~~banned~~ in ~~the states of Indiana~~, ~~Louisiana~~ and ~~Tennessee~~.		It is currently an controlled substance in Thailand, Malaysia, Denmark, Israel, Myanmar, New Zealand, Romania, Russia and South Korea.

	~~It is also a controlled~~ substance in ~~Thailand~~, ~~Malaysia~~, ~~Denmark~~, ~~Israel~~, ~~Myanmar~~, ~~New Zealand, Romania~~, ~~Russia and South Korea~~.		Formerly, Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) was an uncontrolled substance in the United States. This means all parts of the plant and its extracts were legal to cultivate, buy, possess, and distribute (sell, trade or give) without a license or prescription. If sold as a supplement, sales had to conform to U.S. supplement laws. If sold for consumption as a food or drug, sales were regulated by the FDA.

	== Links ==		== Links ==

TripMate: add video on kratom by PsychedSubstance

2016-08-19T19:53:05Z

add video on kratom by PsychedSubstance

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 19 August 2016
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	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitragyna_speciosa		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitragyna_speciosa

			[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9-TrCUTg_0 Overview + Safety Guide by PsychedSubstance]

	[[Category:Drugs]]		[[Category:Drugs]]

GrimReaper at 15:14, 10 March 2015

2015-03-10T15:14:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:14, 10 March 2015
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	[[File:Kratom_dried_leaf.jpg\|350px\|right]]		[[File:Kratom_dried_leaf.jpg\|350px\|right]]

	The Kratom leaf is a psychoactive, traditionally chewed to provide euphoria. Its leaves contain 7-Hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine which act as a μ-opioid receptor agonist like morphine, and can be used to treat chronic pain. The leaves are chewed as an opioid substitute and stimulant in Thailand and especially in the southern peninsula. Kratom is also used in neighboring countries in Southeast Asia where it grows naturally, primarily among the working class. As traditionally used, kratom is not seen as a drug and there is no stigma associated with kratom use or discrimination against kratom eaters. They can also be smoked, brewed as a tea, or made into an extract. It has a relatively long history of human use.		The '''Kratom''' leaf is a psychoactive, traditionally chewed to provide euphoria. Its leaves contain 7-Hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine which act as a μ-opioid receptor agonist like morphine, and can be used to treat chronic pain. The leaves are chewed as an opioid substitute and stimulant in Thailand and especially in the southern peninsula. Kratom is also used in neighboring countries in Southeast Asia where it grows naturally, primarily among the working class. As traditionally used, kratom is not seen as a drug and there is no stigma associated with kratom use or discrimination against kratom eaters. They can also be smoked, brewed as a tea, or made into an extract. It has a relatively long history of human use.

	== History ==		== History ==
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	Kratom appears to have been used in Thailand for centuries, recreationally and as an antidiarrhetic. Its use as an opiate substitute in Malaysia was reported in the nineteenth century. Peasants have used it to counteract the tedium of physical labor, similar to the use of coca in South America. The chemistry of its alkaloids was investigated in the 1920s, and mitragynine was isolated in 1923. Kratom leaves became part of the ethnobotanical trade in the United States and Europe in mid 2000. In the early 2000s, stories about the use of kratom to reduce opiod withdrawal effects began circulating on web forums.		Kratom appears to have been used in Thailand for centuries, recreationally and as an antidiarrhetic. Its use as an opiate substitute in Malaysia was reported in the nineteenth century. Peasants have used it to counteract the tedium of physical labor, similar to the use of coca in South America. The chemistry of its alkaloids was investigated in the 1920s, and mitragynine was isolated in 1923. Kratom leaves became part of the ethnobotanical trade in the United States and Europe in mid 2000. In the early 2000s, stories about the use of kratom to reduce opiod withdrawal effects began circulating on web forums.

	= Dosage =		== Overview of different strains ==

			'''Bali'''- Euphoric and the most classic opiate like among the strains of kratom.

			'''Maeng Da''' - Energizing and stimulating with pain killing effects.

			'''Red Vein Thai'''- Similar to Bali with fewer negative side effects.

			'''Super Indo'''- Similar to Bali with less euphoria.

			'''Super Green Malaysian'''- Varies between suppliers but is typically more stimulating with little euphoria.

			'''Ultra Enhanced Indo'''- Most euphoric of the extracts and works well for reducing social anxiety.

			'''Thai Essence'''- Somewhat weaker than Ultra Enhanced Indo by weight with a bit of a Maeng Da kick.

			'''Full Spectrum Tincture''' (FST) - The original likely had synthetic 7-hydroxymitragynine but current formulations are basically Ultra Enhanced Indo in liquid form.

			== Dosage ==

	Kratom leaves differ greatly in potency, depending on the type, grade, and freshness. Leaves with green veins are often claimed to be more potent than those with red veins, but there is contradictory evidence.		Kratom leaves differ greatly in potency, depending on the type, grade, and freshness. Leaves with green veins are often claimed to be more potent than those with red veins, but there is contradictory evidence.
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	\|}		\|}

	= Duration =		== Duration ==

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|}		\|}

	==~~Oral==~~		== Effects ==

	~~Onset: 5-15 minutes~~

	~~Total Duration: 2-5 hours~~

	~~After-effects: 3-6 hours~~

	= ~~Effects~~ =

	The effects of Mitragyna speciosa are described as being a combination of both stimulation and sedation. The stimulatory effects may be shorter in duration than the sedation effect, coming on faster and fading sooner.		The effects of Mitragyna speciosa are described as being a combination of both stimulation and sedation. The stimulatory effects may be shorter in duration than the sedation effect, coming on faster and fading sooner.

	=== ~~Overview of different strains ===~~		=== Postive ===

	~~Bali - Euphoric and the most classic opiate like among the strains of kratom.~~

	~~Maeng Da - Energizing and stimulating with pain killing effects.~~

	~~Red Vein Thai - Similar to Bali with fewer negative side effects.~~

	~~Super Indo - Similar to Bali with less euphoria.~~

	~~Super Green Malaysian - Varies between suppliers but is typically more stimulating with little euphoria.~~

	~~Ultra Enhanced Indo - Most euphoric of the extracts and works well for reducing social anxiety.~~

	~~Thai Essence - Somewhat weaker than Ultra Enhanced Indo by weight with a bit of a Maeng Da kick.~~

	~~Full Spectrum Tincture (FST) - The original likely had synthetic 7-hydroxymitragynine but current formulations are basically Ultra Enhanced Indo in liquid form.~~

	=~~= Postive~~ ==

	* Simultaneous stimulation & sedation		* Simultaneous stimulation & sedation
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	* Increases sociability and talkativeness		* Increases sociability and talkativeness

	== Neutral ==		=== Neutral ===

	* Relatively short duration		* Relatively short duration
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	* Analgesia		* Analgesia

	== Negative ==		=== Negative ===

	* Very bitter taste		* Very bitter taste
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	Chronic users have also reported withdrawal symptoms including irritability, runny nose and diarrhea. Withdrawal is generally short-lived and mild, and it may be effectively treated with dihydrocodeine and lofexidine.		Chronic users have also reported withdrawal symptoms including irritability, runny nose and diarrhea. Withdrawal is generally short-lived and mild, and it may be effectively treated with dihydrocodeine and lofexidine.

	= Harm Reduction =		== Harm Reduction ==

	* Do not drive or operate heavy machinery.		* Do not drive or operate heavy machinery.
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	* Do not combine with any other CNS depressant.		* Do not combine with any other CNS depressant.

	= Chemistry and Pharmacology =		== Chemistry and Pharmacology ==

	Kratom leaves contain the indole alkaloids mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and numerous other alkaloids, including paynanthine, speciogynine, and speciofoline. Mitragynine has traditionally been cited as the primary active chemical in kratom leaves, but some recent evidence points to 7-hydroxymitragynine instead. The pharmacological effects of kratom on humans are not well studied. Its metabolic half-life, protein binding, and elimination characteristics are all unknown. Kratom behaves as a μ-opioid receptor agonist, similar to opiates like morphine, although its effects differ significantly from those of opiates.		Kratom leaves contain the indole alkaloids mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and numerous other alkaloids, including paynanthine, speciogynine, and speciofoline. Mitragynine has traditionally been cited as the primary active chemical in kratom leaves, but some recent evidence points to 7-hydroxymitragynine instead. The pharmacological effects of kratom on humans are not well studied. Its metabolic half-life, protein binding, and elimination characteristics are all unknown. Kratom behaves as a μ-opioid receptor agonist, similar to opiates like morphine, although its effects differ significantly from those of opiates.
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	Mitragynine is a partial agonist of the mu- and delta-opioid receptors. This may account for its apparent efficacy in treating opiate withdrawal (see [http://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=7348 Erowid]). Because kratom acts as both a stimulant and a sedative, secondary alkaloids may be pharmacologically important.		Mitragynine is a partial agonist of the mu- and delta-opioid receptors. This may account for its apparent efficacy in treating opiate withdrawal (see [http://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=7348 Erowid]). Because kratom acts as both a stimulant and a sedative, secondary alkaloids may be pharmacologically important.

	= Legal status =		== Legal status ==

	Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is uncontrolled in the United States. This means all parts of the plant and its extracts are legal to cultivate, buy, possess, and distribute (sell, trade or give) without a license or prescription. If sold as a supplement, sales must conform to U.S. supplement laws. If sold for consumption as a food or drug, sales are regulated by the FDA.		Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is uncontrolled in the United States. This means all parts of the plant and its extracts are legal to cultivate, buy, possess, and distribute (sell, trade or give) without a license or prescription. If sold as a supplement, sales must conform to U.S. supplement laws. If sold for consumption as a food or drug, sales are regulated by the FDA.
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	It is also a controlled substance in Thailand, Malaysia, Denmark, Israel, Myanmar, New Zealand, Romania, Russia and South Korea.		It is also a controlled substance in Thailand, Malaysia, Denmark, Israel, Myanmar, New Zealand, Romania, Russia and South Korea.

	= Links =		== Links ==

	http://www.erowid.org/plants/kratom/kratom.shtml		http://www.erowid.org/plants/kratom/kratom.shtml

Reality at 22:53, 31 October 2014

2014-10-31T22:53:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 31 October 2014
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	[[File:Kratom_dried_leaf.jpg\|350px\|right]]		[[File:Kratom_dried_leaf.jpg\|350px\|right]]

	~~= General Information =~~

	The Kratom leaf is a psychoactive, traditionally chewed to provide euphoria. Its leaves contain 7-Hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine which act as a μ-opioid receptor agonist like morphine, and can be used to treat chronic pain. The leaves are chewed as an opioid substitute and stimulant in Thailand and especially in the southern peninsula. Kratom is also used in neighboring countries in Southeast Asia where it grows naturally, primarily among the working class. As traditionally used, kratom is not seen as a drug and there is no stigma associated with kratom use or discrimination against kratom eaters. They can also be smoked, brewed as a tea, or made into an extract. It has a relatively long history of human use.		The Kratom leaf is a psychoactive, traditionally chewed to provide euphoria. Its leaves contain 7-Hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine which act as a μ-opioid receptor agonist like morphine, and can be used to treat chronic pain. The leaves are chewed as an opioid substitute and stimulant in Thailand and especially in the southern peninsula. Kratom is also used in neighboring countries in Southeast Asia where it grows naturally, primarily among the working class. As traditionally used, kratom is not seen as a drug and there is no stigma associated with kratom use or discrimination against kratom eaters. They can also be smoked, brewed as a tea, or made into an extract. It has a relatively long history of human use.

Reality: /* Dosage */

2014-07-16T13:32:15Z

Dosage

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:32, 16 July 2014
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Oral ~~Dosage~~ (Enhanced)		\|+ Oral (Enhanced)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Threshold \|\| 1g		\| Threshold \|\| 1g
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Oral ~~Dosage~~ (Super)		\|+ Oral (Super)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Threshold \|\| 1-2g		\| Threshold \|\| 1-2g
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Oral ~~Dosage~~ (Premium)		\|+ Oral (Premium)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Threshold \|\| 2-4g		\| Threshold \|\| 2-4g
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Oral ~~Dosage~~ (Low Potency)		\|+ Oral (Low Potency)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Threshold\|\| 3-7g		\| Threshold\|\| 3-7g

Reality: /* Duration */

2014-07-16T13:31:52Z

Duration

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:31, 16 July 2014
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	= Duration =		= Duration =

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Oral
			\|-
			\| Onset \|\| 5-15 minutes
			\|-
			\| Duration \|\| 2-5 hours
			\|-
			\| After-effects \|\| 3-6 hours
			\|}

	==Oral==		==Oral==

Reality: /* Dosage */

2014-07-16T13:29:56Z

Dosage

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:29, 16 July 2014
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	\| Strong \|\| 3-6g		\| Strong \|\| 3-6g
	\|}		\|}


	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Reality: /* Dosage */

2014-07-16T13:29:46Z

Dosage

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:29, 16 July 2014
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	Kratom leaves differ greatly in potency, depending on the type, grade, and freshness. Leaves with green veins are often claimed to be more potent than those with red veins, but there is contradictory evidence.		Kratom leaves differ greatly in potency, depending on the type, grade, and freshness. Leaves with green veins are often claimed to be more potent than those with red veins, but there is contradictory evidence.

	== Oral ==		{\| class="wikitable"
	~~=== Enhanced===~~		\|+ Oral Dosage (Enhanced)
	Threshold: 1g		\|-
			\| Threshold \|\| 1g
			\|-
			\| Light \|\| 1-2g
			\|-
			\| Common \|\| 2-3g
			\|-
			\| Strong \|\| 3-6g
			\|}

	~~Light: 1-2g~~

	Common~~: 2~~-3g		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Oral Dosage (Super)
			\|-
			\| Threshold \|\| 1-2g
			\|-
			\| Light \|\| 2-4g
			\|-
			\| Common \|\| 3-5g
			\|-
			\| Strong \|\| 4-8g
			\|}

	Strong~~: 3~~-6g		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Oral Dosage (Premium)
			\|-
			\| Threshold \|\| 2-4g
			\|-
			\| Light \|\| 3-5g
			\|-
			\| Common \|\| 4-10g
			\|-
			\| Strong \|\| 8-15g
			\|}

	=~~== Super ===~~		{\| class="wikitable"
	~~Threshold: 1-2g~~		\|+ Oral Dosage (Low Potency)
			\|-
	~~Light: 2~~-4g		\| Threshold\|\| 3-7g
			\|-
	~~Common: 3-5g~~		\| Light \|\| 5-10g
			\|-
	~~Strong: 4-8g~~		\| Common \|\| 10-20g
			\|-
	~~=== Premium ===~~		\| Strong \|\| 20-50g
	Threshold~~: 2-4g~~		\|}

	~~Light:~~ 3-5g

	~~Common: 4-10g~~

	~~Strong: 8-15g~~

	~~=== Low potency ===~~
	~~Threshold: 3~~-7g

	Light: 5-10g

	Common: 10-20g

	Strong: 20-50g

	= Duration =		= Duration =

GrimReaper at 10:11, 30 May 2014

2014-05-30T10:11:38Z

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 == Oral ==
-Light: 2-4g
+Light: 1-2g
-Common: 4-6g
+Common: 2-3g
-Strong: 6g+
+Strong: 3-6g
 = Duration =