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Cytisine - Revision history
2026-04-14T23:26:57Z
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2015-03-11T10:55:37Z
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GrimReaper
https://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?title=Cytisine&diff=387&oldid=prev
205.56.181.196: Created page with " <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"><strong>..."
2013-01-13T18:24:14Z
<p>Created page with " <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"><strong>..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div><br />
<table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><br />
<br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="50%"><strong>Other Names</strong><br />
<br />
Baptitoxin, CYtiton, laburnin, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro8H-<br />
<br />
1,5-methano-pyrido[1,2a] [1,5]diazocin-8-ol,<br />
<br />
sophorin, ulexin<br />
<br />
Substance type: quinolizidine alkaloid, lupine<br />
<br />
alkaloid<br />
<br />
Cytisine is found in numerous legumes (Leguminosae)<br />
<br />
(Plugge 1895), such as the rain shower<br />
<br />
tree (Laburnum anagyroides Medikus [syn. Cytisus<br />
<br />
laburnum 1.] ).497<br />
<br />
Since cytisine acts to stimulate the central<br />
<br />
nervous system, states of excitation and<br />
<br />
confusion (with hallucinations, delirium),<br />
<br />
muscle spasms, as well as general clonic-tonic<br />
<br />
spasms in the extremities not infrequently<br />
<br />
occur. (Roth et al. 1994,443*)<br />
<br />
Cytisine docks to the acetylcholine (ACh)<br />
<br />
receptors of the central nervous system, the<br />
<br />
ganglia, and the neuromuscular endplate. The<br />
<br />
ganglia-blocking effects of cytisine are similar to<br />
<br />
those of nicotine and can induce strychninelike<br />
<br />
spasms, especially hallucinations, and even<br />
<br />
unconsciousness and ultimately death. However,<br />
<br />
the lethal dosage for humans is unknown (Roth et<br />
<br />
al. 1994, 801 f. *). The nicotine-like effects also<br />
<br />
explain the ethnopharmacological use of plants<br />
<br />
containing cytisine as tobacco substitutes.<br />
<br />
Other lupine alkaloids and cytisine derivatives<br />
<br />
have been found in many plants from the Family<br />
<br />
Leguminosae, including Lupinus spp. and Echinosophora<br />
<br />
koreensis Nakai (a close relative of the<br />
<br />
genus Sophora) (Murakoshi et al. 1977).<br />
<br />
<strong>Plants Containing Cytisine</strong><br />
<br />
(from Bock 1994,75 ff.*; Rompp 1995*; Roth et al. 1994*; supplemented)<br />
<table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><br />
<br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><strong>Stock </strong><strong>Plant</strong></td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><strong>Distribution</strong></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Ammodendron </em>spp.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">&nbsp;</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Anagyris </em>spp.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">southern Europe</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Baptisia </em>spp.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">North America</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Colutea.arborescens </em>1.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Mediterranean region</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Calutea </em>spp.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">southeastern Europe, Asia Minor</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Cytisus canariensis</em></td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Canary Islands, Mexico</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Cytisus </em>spp.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Europe</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Eucresta </em>spp.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Australia</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Genista germanica </em>1.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">central Europe</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Genista tinctoria </em>1.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Europe</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Labttrnum alpinum </em>(Mill.) Bercht.et Presl</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Alps, southern Europe</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">[syn. <em>Cytisus alpinusMill.]</em></td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">&nbsp;</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Laburnum anagyroides </em>Medik. [syn. <em>Laburnum vulgare</em></td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">central and southern Europe</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Bercht.et Pres!' <em>Cytisus laburnum </em>1.]</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">&nbsp;</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Lamprolobium fruticosumBenth.</em></td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Australia</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Lampralobium grandiflorum </em>Everist</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Australia</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Hovea acutifalia </em>Cunn.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Australia</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Hoveaspp.</em></td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Australia</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Plagiocarpus axiUaris </em>Benth.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Australia</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Sophora secundiflora</em></td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Mexico, Texas</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Sophora tomentosa </em>1.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Australia, Oceania</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Spartium junceum </em>1.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Spain, southern Europe</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Strongylodon macrobotrys </em>A.Gray</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Philippines</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Templetonia </em>spp.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Australia</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Thel'mopsis </em>spp.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">Australia</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td valign="top" width="319"><em>Ulex europaeus </em>1.</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="319">central Europe</td><br />
</tr><br />
<br />
</table><br />
&nbsp;</td><br />
<td valign="top" width="53%"><strong>Commercial Forms and Regulations<br />
<br />
</strong>Cytisine is sold in its pure form and is not subject<br />
<br />
to any regulations (Roth et al. 1994, 802).<strong></strong><br />
<br />
Literature<br />
<br />
See also the entries for Cytisus spp. and Sophora<br />
<br />
secundiflora.<br />
<br />
Hayman, Alison R., and David O. Gray. 1989.<br />
<br />
Hydroxynorcytisine, a quinolizidine alkaloid<br />
<br />
from Laburnum anagyroides. Phytochemistry 28<br />
<br />
(2): 673-75.<br />
<br />
Murakoshi, Isamu, Kyoko Fukuchi, Joju Haginiwa,<br />
<br />
Shigeru Ohmiya, and Hirotaka Otomasu. 1977.<br />
<br />
N-(3-oxobutyl)cytisine: A new lupin alkaloid from Echinosophora koreensis. Phytochemistry<br />
<br />
16:1460-6l.<br />
<br />
Plugge, P. C. 1895. Uber das Vorkommen von Cytisin<br />
<br />
in verschiedenen Papilionaceae. Archiv fur<br />
<br />
Pharmazie 233:430 ff.<br />
<br />
Plugge, P. C., and A. Rauwerda. 1896. Fortgesetzte<br />
<br />
Untersuchungen Dber das Vorkommen von<br />
<br />
Cytisin in verschiedenen Papilionaceae. Archiv<br />
<br />
fur Pharmazie 234:685 ff.<br />
<br />
Seeger, R., and H. G. Neumann. 1992. Cytisin.<br />
<br />
Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung 132:303-6.</td><br />
</tr><br />
<br />
</table></div>
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