B-Carbolines - Revision history

https://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=B-Carbolines B-Carbolines - Revision history 2026-05-28T18:36:40Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.44.0 https://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?title=B-Carbolines&diff=4330&oldid=prev GrimReaper at 11:16, 11 March 2015 2015-03-11T11:16:12Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:16, 11 March 2015</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l102">Line 102:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 102:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></tr></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></tr></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></table></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></table></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Chemicals]]</ins></div></td></tr>  </table>

GrimReaper https://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?title=B-Carbolines&diff=352&oldid=prev Pandadream at 20:50, 12 January 2013 2013-01-12T20:50:43Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:50, 12 January 2013</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">100</del>%" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0"></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">50</ins>%" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0"></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><tr></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><tr></div></td></tr>  </table>

Pandadream https://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?title=B-Carbolines&diff=351&oldid=prev Pandadream: Created page with "<table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"><strong>O..." 2013-01-12T20:49:00Z

<p>Created page with "<table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"><strong>O..."</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div><table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0"><br /> <br /> <tr><br /> <td valign="top" width="50%"><strong>Other Names</strong><br /> Beta-carbolines, l3-carbolines, I3Cs<br /> l3-carbolines are derived from the actuall3-carboline<br /> (norharmane). They belong to the group of<br /> indole alkaloids and are closely related to tryptamines.<br /> They consist of an indole skeleton and<br /> various side chains.<br /> The psychoactive effects of l3-carbolines are<br /> due primarily to the harmala alkaloids harmaline,<br /> harmine, harmalol, harmane (I-methyl-l3-carboline),<br /> and norharmane (l3-carboline) (Naranjo<br /> 1967). The simpler (l3-carboline) alkaloids occur<br /> in numerous plants (Allen and Holmstedt 1980).<br /> Many plants that produce psychoactive effects<br /> or are utilized for psychoactive purposes contain<br /> l3-carbolines (including Acacia spp., Arundo<br /> donax, Banisteriopsis caapi, Banisteriopsis spp.,<br /> Mucuna pruriens, Papaver spp., Passiflora spp.,<br /> Peganum harmala, Phalaris arundinacea, Phalaris<br /> spp., Psychotria spp., Strychnos spp., Virola<br /> spp., Tribulus terrestris, and Amanita muscaria).<br /> These compounds are also present in tobacco<br /> smoke (cf. Nicotiana tabacum) and in many<br /> plants that are used traditionally to make ayahuasca<br /> or are now used as ayahuasca analogs<br /> (Schultes 1982).<br /> Many l3-carbolines occur as endogenous substances<br /> in animals and in humans, where they<br /> serve important functions in the nervous system<br /> (Bringmann et al. 1991). They appear to influence<br /> both moods and dreaming. It is likely that<br /> norharmane (l3-carboline) occupies a specific 13carboline<br /> receptor. Harmane is the endogenous<br /> MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor, suppressing<br /> MAO-A (Rommelspacher et al. 1991). This<br /> allows the endogenous N,N-DMT to persist for a<br /> longer duration and trigger visionary perceptions<br /> that manifest either as spontaneous visions during<br /> the waking state or as dreams while sleeping<br /> (Callaway et al. 1995).<br /> The harmala alkaloids harmaline, harmine,<br /> harmane, and tetrahydroharmane are all MAO<br /> inhibitors that inhibit primarilyMAO-A (Buckholtz<br /> and Bogan 1977; McIsaac and Estevez 1966).<br /> In the presence of certain foods, MAO<br /> inhibitors are considered to be dangerous or even<br /> very dangerous. Tyramine, which is found in such<br /> foods as aged cheese, is especially hazardous. If it is<br /> not broken down by MAO, it can cause severe<br /> toxic effects to an organism. More-recent studies,<br /> however, have shown that the dangers have been greatly exaggerated in both the literature and «on<br /> the street:' Moreover, the amount of tyramine<br /> contained in most "dangerous" foods tends to be<br /> rather low (Berlin and Lecrubier 1996).</td><br /> <td valign="top" width="53%"><strong>Literature</strong><br /> Allen, J. R. F., and Bo Holmstedt. 1980. The simple<br /> l3-carboline alkaloids. Phytochemistry<br /> 19:1573-82.<br /> Berlin, Ivan, and Yves Lecrubier. 1996. Food and<br /> drug interactions with monoamine oxidase<br /> inhibitors: How safe are the newer agents? eNS<br /> Drugs 5 (6): 403-13.<br /> Bringmann, Gerhard, Doris Feineis, Heike Friedrich,<br /> and Anette Hille. 1991. Endogenous alkaloids in<br /> man-synthesis, analytics, in vivo identification,<br /> and medicinal importance. Planta Medica 57<br /> supp!. (1): 73-84.<br /> Buckholtz, N. S., and W. O. Bogan. 1977.<br /> Monoaminooxydase inhibition in brain and liver<br /> produced by l3-carbolines: Structure-activity<br /> relationships and substrate specificity.<br /> Biochemical Pharmacology 26: 1991-96.<br /> Callaway, James C., M. M. Airaksinen, and J.<br /> Gynther. 1995. Endogenous l3-carbolines and<br /> other indole alkaloids in mammals. Integration<br /> 5:19-33. (Includes a very comprehensive<br /> bibliography.)<br /> McIsaac, W. M., and V. Estevez. 1966. Structureactivity<br /> relationship of l3-carbolines monoamine<br /> oxidase inhibitors. Biochemical Pharmacology<br /> 15:1625-27.<br /> Naranjo, Claudio. 1967. Psychotropic properties of<br /> the harmala alkaloids. In Ethnopharmacologic<br /> search for psychoactive drugs, ed. D. H. Efron,<br /> 385-91. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of<br /> Health, Education, and Welfare.<br /> Rommelspacher, Hans, Torsten May, and Rudi<br /> Susilo. 1991.I3-carbolines and<br /> tetrahydroisoquinolines: Detection and function<br /> in mammals. Planta Medica 57 stipp!. (1): 93 ff.<br /> Schultes, Richard Evans. 1982. The beta-carboline<br /> hallucinogens of South America. Journal of<br /> Psychoactive Drugs 14 (3): 205-20.<br /> Stohler, R., H. Rommelspacher, D. Ladewig, and<br /> G. Dammann. 1993. Beta-carboline<br /> (Harman/Norharman) sind bei<br /> Heroinabhangigen erhoht. Therapeutische<br /> Umschau 50:178-81.</td><br /> </tr><br /> </table></div>

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