TripSit Wiki - User contributions [en]

Cannabinoid Eliquid

2015-03-05T22:48:12Z

CustaiCo:

Synthetic cannabinoids often get a bad reputation. Certainly consuming an
unknown cannabinoid at an unknown dose is a recipe for disaster. While
only buying pure products easily resolves the first issue, the second
issue is the reason motivating this document's creation. Everybody
knows that doing too much of any cannabinoid, including natural ones,
is unpleasant. By vaporizing a fluid containing the cannabinoid from
readily available equipment sold to vaporize nicotine containing e-liquids
getting the right dose is very easy.

==Overview==
Essentially, all that needs to be done is dissolve a strong synthetic
cannabinoid in propylene glycol (PG) and/or vegetable glycerin (VG) and
then vape it like it was a normal e-liquid. Success has been had using
AB-FUBINACA at around 5~9mg/ml. The effects are short in duration but
since electronic cigarettes are designed to be used all day to prevent
nicotine withdrawal, redosing is easy.

==Creation==
AB-FUBINACA is not judged to be very good tasting by most individuals.
Other cannabinoids are unlikely to rate much better in taste.
While one can just dissolve a saturated solution into PG and vape it, most do not like the resultant aste.
The taste can quickly motive one to working on solutions to make the vapor more pleasant.
Another issue with the simple PG solution is the vapor that is produced is airy and insubstantial.
While VG aids in vapor production it seems to not hold as much of the cannabinoid in it, precipitates may form when adding VG to a PG mixture supersaturated with AB-FUBINACA.
The simplest solution to both of these problems is to use a commercially available e-liquid with 0mg/ml of nicotine in it and add the cannabinoid.
Keep in mind that one will still be able to taste the cannabinoid in the juice produced so it is best to pick a strong flavor that can stand up to it.
The disadvantage of this method is the cost.
The raw materials are sold at a huge markup.
A more frugal solution is to make one's own e-juice and then dissolve the agent into it.
There are a number of good diy ejuice websites available.
Remember that juice that is of high PG content will generally hold more cannabinoid.

==Mixing==
Fully dissolving the selected cannabinoid can be difficult.
Even finely grinding the powder, trying to dissolve it over a long period of time, long stir times,
or even hot water baths can still leave undissolved particulate. Waiting for
the precipitate to fall to the bottom and ciphoning off the solution can deliver
a clarified liquid, but this will waste a cetain amount of otherwise usable
material.
A better solution is a small electronic milk
frother. This device will very quickly whip up the mixture, getting an
even distribution and filling the juice full of tiny air bubbles. If one
still sees some small bits left over after it goes clear again, one can
whip it up some more until the clarity is satisfactory. However,
even a method as crude as adding the powder to a bottle of premade liquid
and then shaking vigorously for a long period seems to work if one does not
mind a little waste and some ugly bits in the juice.
The amount of cannabinoid needed in the solution depends somewhat on
what deviced is used to vaporize it, tolerance, and how much vapor one
wants to consume for effects. Less expensive 'starter' setups deliver
the active ingredient slower than something like a rebuildable dripping atomizer.
5mg/ml or even less can be used with a setup that is capabable of delivering
more than a dozen watts of power.

==Consumption==
If one already vapes, then the equipment needed to use the e-juice is available.
If one does not, a very basic starter kit will work.
A starter kit can cost a little as 30 USD a at a local retailer.
Some individuals have had trouble vaporizing it quick enough to intoxicate themselves using some setup, ut this seems rare.
Even the lowest price equipment from Ebay can work.

[[Category:Guides]]

Cannabinoid Eliquid

2015-03-05T22:47:23Z

CustaiCo:

Cannabinoid Eliquid

2015-03-05T22:45:54Z

CustaiCo: Created page with "Synthetic cannabinoids often get a bad reputation. Certainly consuming an unknown cannabinoid at an unknown dose is a recipe for disaster. While only buying pure products ea..."

Synthetic cannabinoids often get a bad reputation. Certainly consuming an

unknown cannabinoid at an unknown dose is a recipe for disaster. While

only buying pure products easily resolves the first issue, the second

issue is the reason motivating this document's creation. Everybody

knows that doing too much of any cannabinoid, including natural ones,

is unpleasant. By vaporizing a fluid containing the cannabinoid from

readily available equipment sold to vaporize nicotine containing e-liquids

getting the right dose is very easy.

==Overview==

Essentially, all that needs to be done is dissolve a strong synthetic

cannabinoid in propylene glycol (PG) and/or vegetable glycerin (VG) and

then vape it like it was a normal e-liquid. Success has been had using

AB-FUBINACA at around 5~9mg/ml. The effects are short in duration but

since electronic cigarettes are designed to be used all day to prevent

nicotine withdrawal, redosing is easy.

==Creation==

AB-FUBINACA is not judged to be very good tasting by most individuals.

Other cannabinoids are unlikely to rate much better in taste.

While one can just dissolve a saturated solution into PG and vape it, most do not like the resultant taste.

The taste can quickly motive one to working on solutions to make the vapor more pleasant.

Another issue with the simple PG solution is the vapor that is produced is airy and insubstantial.

While VG aids in vapor production it seems to not hold as much of the cannabinoid in it, precipitates may form when adding VG to a PG mixture supersaturated with AB-FUBINACA.

The simplest solution to both of these problems is to use a commercially available e-liquid with 0mg/ml of nicotine in it and add the cannabinoid.

Keep in mind that one will still be able to taste the cannabinoid in the juice produced so it is best to pick a strong flavor that can stand up to it.

The disadvantage of this method is the cost.

The raw materials are sold at a huge markup.

A more frugal solution is to make one's own e-juice and then dissolve the agent into it.

There are a number of good diy ejuice websites available.

Remember that juice that is of high PG content will generally hold more cannabinoid.

==Mixing==

Fully dissolving the selected cannabinoid can be difficult.

Even finely grinding the powder, trying to dissolve it over a long period of time, long stir times,

or even hot water baths can still leave undissolved particulate. Waiting for

the precipitate to fall to the bottom and ciphoning off the solution can deliver

a clarified liquid, but this will waste a cetain amount of otherwise usable

material.

A better solution is a small electronic milk

frother. This device will very quickly whip up the mixture, getting an

even distribution and filling the juice full of tiny air bubbles. If one

still sees some small bits left over after it goes clear again, one can

whip it up some more until the clarity is satisfactory. However,

even a method as crude as adding the powder to a bottle of premade liquid

and then shaking vigorously for a long period seems to work if one does not

mind a little waste and some ugly bits in the juice.

The amount of cannabinoid needed in the solution depends somewhat on

what deviced is used to vaporize it, tolerance, and how much vapor one

wants to consume for effects. Less expensive 'starter' setups deliver

the active ingredient slower than something like a rebuildable dripping atomizer.

5mg/ml or even less can be used with a setup that is capabable of delivering

more than a dozen watts of power.

==Consumption==

If one already vapes, then the equipment needed to use the e-juice is available.

If one does not, a very basic starter kit will work.

A starter kit can cost a little as 30 USD a at a local retailer.

Some individuals have had trouble vaporizing it quick enough to intoxicate themselves using some setup, but this seems rare.

Even the lowest price equipment from Ebay can work.

[Guides]

List of staff and their roles

2014-09-16T06:45:11Z

CustaiCo: /* Bots */ corrected what tob is/does

If your name is on this list, feel free to add to your duties, responsibilities, and how you are contributing to the network or would like to contribute to the network!

If you wish to become part of the TripSit staff, please fill out an [[application]] and send it to a staff member (~staff application).

== Staff List ==

=== Administrators ===
* Teknos
* reality

=== Sysops ===
* amki
* toasterlizard
* Physical

=== Operators ===
* Sundown
* GrimReaper
* Durrf
* Lenny

===Editors===
* roi
* Sleep
* Stevowitz
* GrimReaper

=== Moderators ===
* ProButcher
* Sleep

=== Tripsitters ===
* Annika
* ArnoldLayne
* CustaiCo
* InflatableMeat
* JimmyCarr
* Saga
* Stormy
* trainwreck
* Trapdoor

===Hiatus===
Staff members who are currently away, or taking a leave of absence.

* Alternut
* bod
* GentleInBed
* Ocore
* pandadream
* whoami
* Trees
* EgoAnnihlation
* Robonerd

=== Bots ===
* tob - CustaiCo's eggdrop for finding content via web services
* tripbot - The IRC bot you've come to know and love

=== VIP's and Special Exceptions ===
* Borax - Mod of [http://www.reddit.com/r/drugs /r/drugs] and drug knowledge consultant
* Klafka - Our [http://dancesafe.org DanceSafe] partner
* Bryce - Our [http://www.maps.org MAPS] partner

== Organisational Structure ==

Aside from primary staff positions, we organise ourselves based on a tree.

=== Concepts ===

====Trunk====
*Base of the team, responsible for making sure everything is running okay.
*reality, Teknos

====Branches====
*"Projects" or "teams" that work on their own objectives.
*Branch leaders report to admins on status of projects and direct their team (leaves) on how to procede.
*Branch leaders depend on different projects. Suggested branch and branch leaders bellow, not final list.

====Leaves====
*Staff who work on projects with their branch leaders.

====Flowers====
*TripSitters
*Useful, but not involved in the management of the network.

=== Branches and their Point of Contacts ===

====TripSit Branch====
*Branch Leader: Teknos
*Description: Promotion and moderation of the #tripsit branch.
*Resources: #tripsit and /r/tripsit.

====Department of Psychonautics====
*Branch leader: Teknos
*Description: Getting attention to our network from the Psychonaut community.
*Resources: #psychonaut.

====tripbot Branch====
*Branch Leader: reality
*Description: Enhancing tripbot's code to better serve TripSit.
*Resources: [http://github.com/reality/dbot dbot], [https://wiki.tripsit.me/wiki/List_of_IRC_bot_commands commands], [http://tripbot.tripsit.me/ web interface].

====Radio Branch====
*Branch Leader: None
*Description: Run the music community on TripSit. Manage TripSit.FM.
*Resources: [http://tripsit.fm TripSit.FM], #music.

====Street Team Branch====
* Branch Leader: None
* Description: Stickers, logos, advertisements, shirts, other merch. Festivals.
* Resources: Donations.

====Book Branch====
*Branch Leader: Ocore
*Description: Promote the book club and the exchange.
*Resources: #bookclub.

====Steam Branch====
*Branch Leader: Teknos
*Description: Steam Game Group.
*Resources: [http://steamcommunity.com/groups/tripsit Steam Group], #gaming.

====TripSit Department of Psychonautical Informatics====
*Branch Leader: reality
*Description: Continuing to update our Wiki and other resources to include useful harm reduction information for the world.
*Resources: [http://wiki.tripsit.me Wiki], [http://tripbot.tripsit.me/factsheet Factsheets].

====Psychopharm Branch====
*Branch Leader: Sundown
*Description: Provide factual assistance and promote the channel.
*Resources: #psychopharm.

====TripSit VIP Branch====
*Branch Leader: reality
*Description: Promote the VIP room and bring regulars there.
*Resources: #tripsitvip.

====Mediation Branch====
*Branch leader: reality
*Description: People who spends an obsessive amount of time in chat, knows the people, knows their conflicts, and helps resolve them.

====Drugs Branch====
*Branch Leader: reality
*Promotion and moderation of the #drugs branch.

List of IRC bot commands

2014-09-16T06:43:05Z

CustaiCo: Corrected commands for tob

== TripBot Commands ==

All commands prefaced with ~

There's also a web interface at http://tripbot.tripsit.me/

== User commands ==

*'''Reports'''
**~report [#channel] [username] [reason for reporting]
***Report a user in a channel for a reason. This command can either be run publicly in a channel or anonymously in a PM to the bot. The result of using this command will be that all of the users which are currently marked as operators in the reporting channel will receive a PM telling them a user has been reported, by whom, in which channel and why. If there is an administrative channel for the reporting channel (e.g. ##channel), the report will be posted there as well.
*'''TripSit Specific'''
**~drug [drug] [property]
***Displays properties of drugs. Properties include summary, dose, onset, duration, effects, comeup. after-effects, avoid, potentiators, detection, wiki, tolerance
***Ex: "~drug 2cb dose" will generate the recommended dosages for 2cb
** ~factsheet [drug]
***Links to a web-page containing quick facts about a drug and linking to its wiki page for more information.
**~setdrug [drug] [property] [info]
*** Sets the property with the info you provided
*** Ex: ~setdrug 2cb effects giggling, halucinations, etc.
*** Staff only.
** ~rmdrug [property]
*** removes the property from the factsheet
*** Staff only.
** ~bconvert [amount] [benzo1] [benzo2]
*** converts dosage of one benzo to another
*** Ex: ~bconvert 2mg xanax klonopin
** ~tripsit (user)
*** Ask for help in #tripsit. Messages all tripsitters and posts a message in #drugs and #tripsitvip. 'user' is optional.
** ~gettripsitentries
*** After issuing this command, you will be PMed by tripbot when an unrecognised (new) user comes into #tripsit and may need help.
** ~notripsitentries
*** Turn the above off.
** ~clearmissing
*** Clears the notifies you missed while logged off
** ~timezone [timezone]
*** Set a timezone preference with tripbot (default: UTC), notifications on the web will use this timezone. See here for timezone names: http://momentjs.com/timezone/
*** e.g. ~timezone Europe/London

*'''Quotes'''
**~qadd [category] = [quote]
***Add a new quote to the database.
**~q [category]
***Display a random quote from a given category.
**~rq
***Show a random quote from the database.
**~title [category]
***Use this command to get a URL to the indicated quote category
**~qsearch [category] = [needle]
***Search a category for quotes including the given text.
**~qcount [category]
***Show the number of quotes stored in the given category, or if called without a category it will show the total number of quotes in the database.

*'''Entertainment'''
**~ri
***Generate a random imgur image and post a link to it in the channel. Only returns images that are greater than 500x500 and omits common screen shot sizes.
**~sri
***Uses imgur's built in API to return results. Returns less random images that generally have large numbers of views and are tagged.
**~lri
***The truly random imgur search.
**~flashy [color] [message]
***Give a link to a page hosted by the flashy module which produces big flashing text in the given colour.
**~ud [word to define]
***Returns the first Urban Dictionary definition for the headword provided.
***Note: If tripbot does not find a quote when you use ~category it will search UD.
**~xkcd [number]
***Returns a link to the xkcd comic specified, or the latest one if a comic is not given. Use '*' to return a link to a random comic.
**~film [search term]
***Searches imdb

*'''Utility'''
**~usage [command]
***Show usage information for a given command.
**~help [command|module]
***Link module help for a module given either the module name or the name of a command belonging to a module.
**~js [code]
***For regular users, there is the ~js command, which is completely sandboxed, but can still be used for calculation and the like.
**Spelling Corrections
***Allows you to run regex replaces on both your own and others messages. One may run a regex on their own last message like so:
***> user: I like turtles
***> user: s/turtles/pizza/
***One may run a regex on another user's last message simple by highlighting the nick before the pattern:
***> batman: I like TURTLES
***> user: batman: s/turtles/pizza/i
**~ignore [module]
***Ignore a given module. If the user does not specify a module, or provides an invalid one a list of modules which are available to ignore will be given.
***Modules you can ignore are: spotify, github, js, link, quotes, report, spelling, poll, regex, youare, kick.
***Example: Say ~ignore spelling to not have tripbot correct your spelling for you.
**~unignore [module]
***Unignore a previously ignored module. If the user does not specify a module, or provides an invalid choice a list of modules which are currently ignored will be given.

*'''Polls'''
**~newpoll [pollname] options=[each,poll,option] [Poll Description]
***Creates a new poll with the given name, options and descriptions. From this point people will be able to use the ~vote command to cast their vote in the poll.
**~addoption [pollname] [newoption]
***Using this command you can add a given option to a poll you are the creator of.
**~rmoption [pollname] [optiontoremove]
***Using this command you can remove a given option from a poll you are the creator of.
**~vote [pollname] [option]
***Cast your vote for the given option in the given poll. If you have already cast your vote in the given poll, your vote will be changed to the new option you have provided.
**~pdesc [pollname]
***Show the full description for a given poll name along with its available voting options.

== Operators ==

*'''Kick and banning (should be used in this order)'''
**~notify [#channel] [message]
***Notify staff of a channel of a message. This can be run in either PM or in the channel. If notifyVoice is set, voiced users will also receive notifications.
**~warn USER
***This will add a warning to the user and show a link to all warnings of that user in #tripsit.me
***No ~unwarn command yet so add warnings carefully
**~ckick [#channel] [username] [reason]
***Kick a user from a channel.
**~kickcount [username]
***Show the number of times a given user has been kicked and has kicked other people.
**~kickstats
***Show a list of top kickers and kickees.
**~cban [#channel] [username] [reason]
***Ban a user from a channel.
**~nban {optional: Duration in Hours} [username] [reason]
***Ban a user from the network
***Only used by mods and admins
***Make sure other staff members agree with your actions
**~nunban [username] [reason]
***Unban a user from the network.

==User management==

*~alias [user]
**If an alias is provided, this command will return the primary user for which this is an alias for. If a primary user is provided, it will return a confirmation of this fact and a count of how many aliases belong to the user.
*~setaliasparent [newparent]
**Set a nick which is currently serving as an alias to the primary user, while setting what was previously the primary user as an alias of the new primary user. Requires moderator level access by default.
*~mergeusers [primaryuser] [secondaryuser]
**This command merges two nicks which are recorded as primary users into one user. The secondary user and all of their aliases will be merged under primaryuser. Requires moderator level access by default.
*~ban [user] [command]
**Ban a user from using a command. Command may be replaced with '*,' which will ban a user from use of all commands. Users banned from all commands will still be subject to module listeners.
*~unban [user] [command]
**Unban a user from using a given command. If a user was previously banned using the '*' wildcard, they may also be unbanned from such by replacing command with an asterisk here as well.

*'''Utilities'''
**~say [#channel] [message]
***Have DBot post the given message in the given channel (uses the server from which you are sending the message). You may replace channel with '@' to have him post the message in the current channel. Channel may also be replaced with a nick on the server.

==Quote Management==

*~rmlast [category]
**Remove the last quote added to a given category.
*~rmstatus
**Show how many quotes are currently in the removal cache, and whether they will be randomly removed.
*~rm [category] = [quote]
**Remove a given quote from the given category.
*List of quotes to be deleted: http://nourishedcloud.com:1337/quoteremovals
*~rmconfirm
**Confirm that the quotes currently in the removal cache are okay to be removed, and permanently delete them.
*~rmdeny
**Re-instate the quotes that are currently in the removal cache back into the main quote database.

==Tripbot Management==

*join [#channel]
**Join the given channel.
*part [#channel]
**Leave the given channel.
*opme [#channel]
**Gives the caller ops in a given channel if possible. If called without a channel, it will attempt to give the caller ops in the current channel.

== Admin Commands (Reality only) ==

*greload
**Perform a git pull, and then execute the 'reload' command. Saves a lot of time updating!
*reload
**Reload all of the modules currently in use by DBot. By using this, all module functionality should be reloadable and replaceable without having to restart the bot or interrupt the connection to the server.
*load [module]
**Load a new module. This works by adding a module name to the roster and then triggering a reload of all modules, at which point the new module is actually loaded by the standard DBot process.
*unload [module]
**Unload a currently loaded module. This removes the module, and then triggers a reload of all modules.
*~setconfig
**Set a config key
*~showconfig
**Show a config key

== Tob Commands ==
Most commands below can be done in PM as well. Contact CustaiCo for any problems with tob

*!seen [nickname]
**When was a user last seen?
*!lastspoke [nickname]
**When did tob last see a user talk?
*!bing [search]
**Searches Bing and gives top 3 results
*!news [search]
**Gets top headline for a news search from Bing
*!business !entertain !health !politics !sports !usnews !worldnews !tech
**Domain specific news
*!image [search]
**Finds a random image on the top 50 results returned by Bing. Adult filter is deactivated
*!spell [query]
**Attempts to find a spelling correction for the query
*!wa [query]
**Submits query to [http://www.wolframalpha.com/| Wolfram Alpha] for evaluation
*!hmacsha256 [key] [message]
**Calculates a hmac on the message using the bytes of the key phrase as the key

Diphenidine

2014-07-29T08:14:11Z

CustaiCo: links to category harm reduction

Diphenidine (1-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperidine) is a dissociative anesthetic drug.

== History ==

The first synthesis of diphenidine was published in 1924 by Christiaen who used a modified Brulyants reaction, similar to the reaction later used by Maddox in the first PCP synthesis.

While diphenidine was never used or investigated medically, several related compounds have been and include the withdrawn analgesic lefetamine and investigational compounds such as AstraZenica’s NMDA antagonist antidepressant Lanicemine, and neurodegenerative disease and anti-epileptic agent Remacemide.

Shortly after the UK arylcyclohexylamine ban in early 2013, diphenidine and its 2-MeO derivative methoxphenidine emerged on the RC market.

= Dosage =

Diphenidine can also be insufflated, vaporized and injected. Start with low doses and work your way up.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Threshold || 50mg
|-
| Light || 70-85mg
|-
| Common || 85-110mg
|-
| Heavy || 110-150mg
|}

= Duration =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 15-30 minutes
|-
| Total || 2-5 hours
|-
| After-effects || 4-24 hours
|}

= Effects =

== Postive ==

* Stimulation
* Euphoria
* Disconnected thoughts
* Shifts in perception of reality

== Neutral ==

* Altered time perception
* Disrupted speech patterns
* Distorted sensory perceptions, hallucinations
* Confusion

== Negative ==

* Severe dissociation, depersonalization
* Ataxia (loss of motor coordination)
* Temporary amnesia

= Harm Reduction =

See [[Dissociatives#Harm_Reduction|Dissociative Harm Reduction]] for general information.

== Potentiators ==

* CNS depressants

== Interactions ==

It is currently unknown whether diphenidine is a reuptake inhibitor of serotonin (SRI), if that is the case do '''NOT''' ever combine it with other SRIs (such as MXE) or SSRIs.

Check out our [[Drug Combinations]] page and chart for interactions and combinations of common drugs.

= Chemistry and Pharmacology =

Diphenidine is a NMDA antagonist and possibly a reuptake inhibitor of serotonin or dopamine.

= Legal status=

Diphenidine is, as of July 2014, not a controlled substance in any country.

= Links =

* [http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/668291-The-Big-amp-Dandy-Diphenidine-Thread Bluelight Big & Dandy thread]
* [http://0-www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.elis.tmu.edu.tw/pubmed/24678061 From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs.]

[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

PCP

2014-07-29T08:13:21Z

CustaiCo: harm reduction added

[[File:Pcp.jpg|right]]

= General Information =

PCP is a powerful dissociative. The acronym PCP stems from its organic name 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine, which alludes to its relatively simple production from the arylcyclohexylamine piperidine. It is best known for stories of the strange and sometimes violent behavior of people under its influence. However, studies by the Drug Abuse Warning Network in the 1970s show that media reports of PCP-induced violence are greatly exaggerated and that incidents of violence are unusual and often (but not always) limited to individuals with reputations for aggression regardless of drug use. It has been implicated as a major cause of psychiatric decompensation and has a number of clinical syndromes described in the literature. In addition, PCP has been shown to cause significant medical morbidity and mortality. It is found in a variety of forms including crystals/powder, tablets, and liquid. Recently it seems to be available on the underground market most commonly as cannabis joints, regular cigarettes or cannabis leaf dipped in liquid PCP....and usually marketed as something else, seldom as 'PCP'

== History ==

Phencyclidin was first synthesized in 1926. In 1956 it was approved as anesthetic for animals (Sernylan), and in 1963 for humans (Sernyl) in Germany. However, due to hallucinations experienced by patients under it's influence it was already removed from the market in 1965. In 1967 PCP first appeared at music festivals in the US. Like ketamine, PCP was formerly used as a preinduction anesthetic and animal tranquilizer, hence it has street eponyms such as “horse tranquilizer", ”hog”, and “elephant”.

= Dosage =

Note: 20 mg may put an individual into a comatose state, and 70 mg may induce seizures.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Smoked
|-
| Light || 3-5mg
|-
| Common || 5-10mg
|-
| Strong || 10mg+
|}

= Duration =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Smoked
|-
| Onset || 2-20 minutes
|-
| Duration || 4-6 hours
|-
| After-effects || Up to 24 hours
|}

= Effects =

Behavioural effects can vary by dosage. Low doses produce a numbness in the extremities and intoxication, characterized by staggering, unsteady gait, slurred speech, bloodshot eyes, and loss of balance. Moderate doses (5–10 mg intranasal, or 0.01–0.02 mg/kg intramuscular or intravenous) will produce analgesia and anesthesia. High doses may lead to convulsions. Users frequently do not know how much of the drug they are taking due to its potency and tendency of the drug to be made illegally in uncontrolled conditions.

Psychological effects include severe changes in body image, loss of ego boundaries, paranoia and depersonalization. Hallucinations, euphoria, and suicidal impulses are also reported, as well as occasional aggressive behavior. Like many other drugs, phencyclidine has been known to alter mood states in an unpredictable fashion, causing some individuals to become detached, and others to become animated. PCP may induce feelings of strength, power, and invulnerability as well as a numbing effect on the mind.

== Postive ==

* Increase in energy

* Euphoria

* Pleasant mental and/or body high

* Disconnected thoughts

* Sense of calm

* Increased sociability, loss of inhibitions

* Closed- and open-eye visuals

* Shifts in perception of reality

== Neutral ==

* Increased salivation

* Change in body temperature regulation, sweating

* Increased heart rate (lower doses)

* Altered time perception

* Disrupted speech patterns

* Analgesia (decreased pain awareness) and numbness

* Feelings of invulnerability

* Distorted sensory perceptions, hallucinations

* Unusual and unpredictable behavior

* Mild to moderate dissociation (common)

* Confusion, disorientation (common)

* Nystagmus (rhythmic eye movement)

== Negative ==

* Disturbing hallucinations and/or delusions

* Severe anxiety, paranoia

* Severe dissociation, depersonalization

* Ataxia (loss of motor coordination)

* Severe confusion, disorganized thinking

* Psychotic episodes

* Physical aggression

* Nausea, vomiting

* Temporary amnesia

* Severe distortion or loss of auditory/visual perception

* Decreased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration (high doses)

* Seizures (high doses)

* Hangover including dizziness, numbness and lethargy; may last 24 hours or more

* Coma (high doses, increased risk when combined with depressants)

* Possible neurotoxicity (controversial)

= Harm Reduction =

* Do not drive or operate heavy machinery.

* Avoid walking or moving in general if possible.

* Always experiment with drugs with a sober friend in a safe place

* A full stomach may lead to nausea; consider fasting 3-4+ hours before usage.

== Potentiators ==

* Alchohol

* Benzodiazpines

== Interactions ==

* Acts as a Central Nervous System depressant. Interacts negatively with the above potentiators

= Harm Reduction =

See [[Dissociatives#Harm_Reduction|Dissociative Harm Reduction]] for general information.

= Chemistry and Pharmacology =

In chemical structure, PCP is an arylcyclohexylamine derivative, and, in pharmacology, it is a member of the family of dissociative anesthetics. PCP works primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist, which blocks the activity of the NMDA receptor and, like most antiglutamatergic hallucinogens, is significantly more dangerous than other categories of hallucinogens.

The clinical picture may wax and wane between extreme agitation and sedation, because PCP can produce CNS stimulation and depression through its different clinical effects in the CNS. With increasing concentrations, the drug binds to NMDA receptors, acts as a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, stimulates σ-opioid receptors, as well as nicotinic, muscarinic and GABA receptors.6, 18 Sedation and loss of inhibition tend to occur with ingestions of 1 to 5 mg, with the CNS findings of slurred speech, violent behavior and blank staring, horizontal, vertical, or rotatory nystagmus, ataxia, hyperthermia, and seizures at these doses

There are more than 125 known derivates of PCP.

= Legal status =

PCP is Schedule II in the United States. This means it is illegal to sell without a DEA license and illegal to buy or possess without a license or prescription.

It is also banned in the UK, Germany, Poland, Canada and New Zealand.

= Links =

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phencyclidine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olney%27s_lesions

https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/pcp/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2859735/

[[Category:Drugs]]

[[Category:Dissociative]]

Methoxetamine

2014-07-29T08:12:29Z

CustaiCo: harm reduction links to category section

[[File:Mxe.jpg|200px|right]]
Methoxetamine (3-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE) is a near chemical analogue of [[Ketamine]] and [[PCP]]. It was first publicly reported in 2010. Some say it's similar to Ketamine or high doses of DXM. Methoxetamine differs from many dissociatives such as ketamine and phencyclidine that were developed as pharmaceuticals in that it was designed specifically for grey market distribution, making it a rare instance of a true designer drug. It has been shown to act as an NMDA receptor antagonist and unlike ketamine also acts as Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SRI). The N-Ethyl group on this compound increases potency.

= Dosage =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Threshold || 5-20mg
|-
| Low || 10-30mg
|-
| Common || 40-60mg
|-
| Strong || 50-100mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Threshold || 5-15mg
|-
| Low || 15-30mg
|-
| Common || 30-50mg
|-
| Strong || 50-75mg
|-
| Hole || 75-100mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sublingual
|-
| Threshold || 5-10mg
|-
| Low || 10-20mg
|-
| Common || 40-60mg
|-
| Strong || 60-75mg
|-
| Hole || 75-100mg+
|}

= Duration =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 30-60 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-6 hours
|-
| After-effects || 2-48 hours (dose-dependent)
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Onset || 5-40 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-6 hours
|-
| After-effects || 2-48 hours (dose-dependent)
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sublingual
|-
| Onset || 15-45 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-6 hours
|-
| After-effects || 2-48 hours (dose-dependent)
|}

= Effects =

== Positive ==
* Euphoria, mood lift
* Sense of calm and serenity
* Vivid recall of past memories and dreams
* Closed- and open-eye visuals (common)
* Out-of-body experience (less intense then ketamine)

== Neutral ==
* Distortion or loss of sensory perceptions (common)
* Dissociation of mind from body
* Sweating
* Analgesia, numbness
* Significant change in perception of time
* Increase in heart rate
* Confusion, disorientation

== Negative ==
* Risk of psychological dependency
* Nasal discomfort upon insufflation
* Blacking out and forgetting one has taken a drug
* Discomfort, pain or numbness at injection site (with IM)
* Severe confusion, disorganised thinking
* Vertigo, spinning sensation (risk of injury)
* Nausea, vomiting
* Susceptibility to accidents (from uncoordination and change in perception of body and time)
* Severe dissociation, depersonalisation
* Loss of consciousness
* Depression of heart rate and respiration (risk increases with increased dose or when combined with depressants)

= Harm Reduction =

See [[Dissociatives#Harm_Reduction|Dissociative Harm Reduction]] for general information.

== Interactions ==
[[Drug Combinations]]

= Chemistry and Pharmacology =

Examination of MXE molecule showed that, similar to [[Ketamine]], the 2 isomers have totally different effects with the (S) having potent NMDA activity (when the -OCH3 is deprotected to -OH, it gets stronger) while the (R) isomer has SRI effects and possibly a opioid metabolite.

MXE is generally sold racemic.

= Legal status=

Methoxetamine is illegal in the US states Arizona<ref>http://www.azleg.gov/DocumentsForBill.asp?Session_ID=112&Bill_Number=HB2453</ref>, Florida<ref>http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0800-0899/0893/0893.html</ref>, Indiana<ref>http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/2010/title35/ar31.5/ch2.html</ref>, Louisiana<ref>http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=850979&n=HB10%20Act</ref>, Minnesota<ref>https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=152.02</ref>, North Dakota<ref>http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t19c03-1.pdf?20140721032549</ref>, Ohio<ref>http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText130/130_HB_315_RH_N.html</ref> and Virginia<ref>http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?000+cod+54.1-3446</ref>. It is also banned in Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the UK<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/239/contents/made</ref>.

= Links =

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxetamine Wikipedia]

[http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/methoxetamine/methoxetamine.shtml Erowid]

[http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showwiki.php?title=Methoxetamine Drugs-Forum]

[http://reddit.com/r/Drugs/comments/o9wam/rdrugs_ama_series_mxe_methoxetamine/?sort=top /r/Drugs FAQ]

= References =

<references />

[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]

DXM

2014-07-29T08:10:31Z

CustaiCo: style changes; links to general disso harm reduction

[[File:Dxm_gelcap.jpg|350px|right]]

DXM is a dissociative drug with psychedelic properties. The drug is not for everyone; it is said it follows the rule of thirds: one third hates it, one third doesnt care, and one third like it. The lower doses are fun to do with friends, especially just chilling out and listening to music and talking. High doses are very psychedelic and powerful. Your mind is just as big as the universe, and encountering that space when you're unprepared for it is startling to some. DXM does not show up under normal drug tests, however, in extended drug tests it can show as a false-positive for PCP and opiates.
Generally it's out of your system in a day or two.

== Different Forms ==

===Extracted===

Your best best is to do an extraction, but that takes time/effort that most people arent willing to do. It's super easy though so its worth taking a look into Agent Lemon extraction.

===Syrup===

The syrup is very downer-ish. You might feel sluggish while on it, but it gives a more 'solid' trip.

===Gel Caps===

The cough gels are amazing. Its very much a clear-headed feeling.

===CCC===

There's also the corcedin cough and cold pills (triple c's). These things are really small but contain 30mg per pill. Most of the corcedin comes with other additives that mess with your heart rate or give you a high dose of antihistame. As always, make sure the only active ingredient is DXM.

===Delsyum===

Delsyum is another product which contains Dextromethorphan Polistrex.

This is an extended release form of DXM (longer trip) that is much more mild and gentle, but it is
IMPOSSIBLE to get to the third plateau on it, which is good for beginners.

== Dosage ==

'''DXM is doses are affected by weight'''. See [http://taimapedia.org/images/4/46/DXMDosingChart.png this chart] for easy dosing.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Light || 100-200mg
|-
| Common || 200-400mg
|-
| Strong || 300-600mg
|-
| Heavy || 600-1500mg
|-
| Risk of death || 2.2g+
|}

== Duration ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Total || 6-8 hours
|}

=== Redosing ===

Redosing is not advised.

It's better to know how much you've taken at the start of the trip, rather than guestimate how much you're on as you keep dosing. The effects will start to come in waves and may not be pleasant. If you feel the need, it's recommended to take a high initial dose and a lower dose 1-2 hours in.

=== Predosing ===

One should make sure there is only DXM in the product they are taking. Grapefruit juice can potentiate dxm due to intactions with cytochrome P450.<ref>http://medicine.iupui.edu/clinpharm/ddis/2d6references/#dextromethorphanSub</ref>

== Effects ==

=== Positive ===

* Euphoria, mood lift
* Increased giggling and laughing
* Dissociation of mind from body (positive when sought)
* Creative dream-like experiences
* Increased tactile sensation
* Some users report empathy and forgiveness towards other people

=== Neutral ===

* Pupil dilation
* Visual stop motion effect (flanging or strobing)
* Visual and aural (auditory) hallucinations
* Decreased sexual functioning (difficulty achieving orgasm)
* Confusion, disorientation
* Skin sensitivity, alters tactile (touch) and skin sensations
* Robotic, zombie-like walking, "robo-walk"
* Discoordination, reduced agility
* Loss of appetite
* Involuntary flexing of muscles
* Feelings of merging with adjacent objects like a couch or bed (with higher doses)

=== Negative ===

* Vomiting
* Dizzyness
* Body itching
* Rash, red blotchy skin
* Diarrhea
* Fever
* Tachycardia (racing, pounding heart)
* Some users report feeling disconnected, isolated from others

=== After-Effects ===

* Some users report hangover or depression that might last up to a few days.

=== Robo-Walk ===

The robo-walk feels like all of the muscles in your body are activated at once. You can still walk but forget about running or balance. Imagine the large muscles in your body all tensing up at once, so to walk you don't try to move your leg, you try and relax it in the way you want to go. Detailed coordination such as running, jumping, or maneuvering around furniture becomes much harder if not impossible. However, when you hit the third you really wouldn't want to be moving around anyway. The best thing to do is get a good pair of headphones, turn off the lights, close your eyes and let your mind wander.

== Plateaus ==

There are two kind of trips: Sub third and beyond second plateau. If you take a first or second plateau dose, it's totally possible to socialize. Lower plateau doses are relatively easy to hide compared to higher plateau doses. Since you're dissociating yourself, you can remove yourself from awkward social situations or chaotic events. It would also be fun to chill in your room and play a video game and listen to music. The music will get better and you'll get more spacey. If you take a third or fourth plateau dose, it's recommend to trip alone, as it's not a social drug at this dose. The best way to enjoy it is to lay back and listen to music with your eyes closed. If you've ever meditated, you know how your mind can wander without your control. On DXM, you have a tendency to 'unlock' hidden memories. So the best thing is to let your mind take you where it wants to go. It usually knows whats best.

Choosing your destination plateau will depend a lot on what other drugs you've done and how comfortable you are with your mind.

There are four 'stages' to DXM trips called '''plateaus'''. The first two are very similar, and the last two are similar.

=== First Plateau ===

Feels a bit 'off'. Perhaps like you're a bit buzzed from alcohol or a big hit off a bong.

First Plateau dose: 1-2mg/lb.

=== Second Plateau ===

You feel like your stoned. Your consciousness feels like it's distancing itself from reality, like it's taking a 'step back' into yourself. The second is supposed to be fun, it's introducing you to the idea that reality is a dream. Music is awesome to listen to and you can walk outside and perhaps hallucinate a small-mild amount. You can socialize with friends and they might take you for sober, or you could say you're slightly drunk.

Second Plateau dose: 2-5mg/lb.

'''Hold on!'''

Most people stop their DXM journey here, as the final two are not really 'fun' but 'enlightening'. We don't recommend crossing this threshold until you're ready to move on from games of the mind to exercises of the consciousness. Enjoy the 2nd plat as long as you can because right now it's more of a fun experience and there is no going back once you've been here. It's like once you see what's behind the curtain, you can't enjoy the show.
Not to say that its not enjoyable, but it looses it's fun charm.

'''CEV's'''

Inside your mind is an entirely new universe to explore. You think of water and an ocean appears. You create universes and live lifetimes inside your mind.
That's what the higher plateaus do.

=== Third Plateau ===

This is where you start tripping. You cannot ignore the feeling inside of you. At this point its no longer a social drug and should be done by yourself or with a sitter. This is most akin to an acid trip: it feels very distorted and lasts a couple hours. The third plateau isn't 'party-mode' or even 'socialize-mode'. Its more like 'alone-and-tripping-mode'.

Third Plateau dose: 5-7.5mg/lb.

=== Fourth Plateau ===

This is the deep meditative state. Few people enjoy going this far, as all you can really do (or want to do) is sit, listen to music, close your eyes, and become god. You can create universes in your mind just by thinking of them.

Fourth Plateau dose: 7.5-10mg/lb.

== Harm Reduction ==

See [[Dissociatives#Harm_Reduction|Dissociative Harm Reduction]] for general information.

It is important to select the correct product to use. Products should have only DXM. Guaifenesin will cause extreme nausea and/or emesis. Acetominophen overdose is hepotoxic.

=== Interactions ===

DXM has the potential to cause [[Serotonin Syndrome]] if mixed with other drugs that work on seretonin. It causes discomfort, excitability, irritability, and can even be deadly<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2464814/</ref>. [[Antidepressants]] and other agents that act on seretonin must be avoided.

== Links ==

http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/faq/dxm_faq.shtml

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

Ketamine

2014-07-29T07:38:37Z

CustaiCo: Formatting; changed to link to general disso harm reduction

[[File:Ketamine.png|right|Ketamine molecule]]

'''Ketamine''' is a ''dissociative anesthetic'' that belongs to the arylcyclohexylamine class, and commonly used in human medical and veterinary care. It has a very wide safety margin, with an anesthetic dose being as much as ten times a recreational dose in an inexperienced user.
Ketamine is generally sold to the recreational user in one of two forms: in the evaporated salts, which are sold as a powder, or crystals (often referred to as shards), as well as in multi-dose vials for use in veterinary and human medicine. These vials may have concentrations ranging from 5mg/mL all the way up to 100mg/mL, and vary by manufacturer. One manufacturer, Parke-Davis, reports cases of accidental overdoses of ketamine as much as ten times higher than that required for surgery (which is to say 40-100x a recreational dose) "with no obvious, lasting effects." It is, therefore, reasonable to consider it a drug of relatively safe usage. Because ketamine is a dissociative and an anesthetic, users are prone to becoming injured by interaction with their environment and have died from things such as drowning (DM Turner). Overdose, however, is unlikely.

== History ==
Ketamine was originally produced by Parke-Davis laboratories in the early 1960s, and its recreational use was first reported in 1965; by the early 1970s, the US FDA was concerned about its use as a recreational drug. In the early 1990s, the US "Drug Czar" labeled ketamine as an "emerging drug" because of its involvement in the electronic music scene, and by 1999, it had been scheduled in the United States (Schedule III), although this designation is only applicable when the drug is intended for use in humans.

== Dosage ==
Ketamine is usually either injected intramuscularly (although intravenous administration does happen) or insufflated. Additional routes of administration are "plugging" (rectal) and orally. Oral availability of ketamine is poor.

These numbers are quoted directly from Erowid (which uses subjective dosage reports). Individual dosages will vary based on route of administration, tolerance and weight of the user, purity of the drug, as well as other conditions. It is always wise to start with a small dose and work up to a recreational dose. Remember, you cannot take less of the drug you have taken, but you can always take more.

=== A note on the "K-hole" ===

There is no "guaranteed" dose to "hole" with ketamine. The "k-hole" as it is called is a state of full dissociative anesthesia in which the user is able to retain a semblance of consciousness. The effect associated with this is ego death; that is, the dissolution of the ego, the loss of the perspective of "I" in perception. It is a tricky dose to attain. Reaching too far with dosage will result in full anesthesia without memory of the experience and is worthless for recreational or psychonautical purposes. Too low a dosage will result in a mild sedation and body load, but no ego death, and redosing when anesthetized is tricky.

It is posited that using a needle and a precisely measured dose is more likely to get a user to a full state of ego death, the k-hole, due to the lack of titration of dosage, rapid come-up, and exactly-metered dosage. Finding a dosage that "works for you" is important, and there will need to be a period of experimentation before such a dose is found. Assuming the user does not approach this dose very often, tolerance should not build, and it can be consistently used to reach that level of effect/ego death.

It may be helpful for the user to measure out doses in syringes before using if a re-dose is desired; pulling a new shot can be difficult while under the effects of ketamine, and takes time while the drug is wearing off. Administering a shot while anesthetized can be perilous at best; for this reason, re-dosing is not recommended. If one must re-dose, use of an "auto-ject" like device (a spring loaded syringe) is convenient.

Because the "k-hole" involves full dissociative anesthesia, it is crucial that the user be in a safe place, physically, such as lying flat in bed. It may be useful to have a sitter present because arousal from the k-hole may be disorienting.

Understand, however, that there is no guaranteed mechanism for "reaching the hole," and it takes practice. Become familiar with the drug before taking large doses such as those required to reach the "hole." Find a dose that works for you.

=== Oral ===

1-4mg/lb of body mass. Doses higher than 3mg/lb may exceed the recreational window and leave the user anesthetized rather than "tripping." Doses of 2-3mg/lb may incur greater (short-term) memory loss and have little additional value as a psychedelic.

=== Insufflated ===

Threshold effects may begin at about .25mg/lb body mass, and recreational doses can range up to 2mg/lb, with common doses being 1mg/lb of body mass. As above, higher doses may not yield greater desirable effect. Ketamine is reported to be fairly gentle on the nasal tissues compared to brominated phenethylamines and organofluorides.

=== Intramuscular injection ===

Typically 1mg/lb body mass for IM injection is quite sufficient for a full dissociative experience. Doses of .5-.75mg/lb are more "threshold" and cogent experiences. Doses exceeding 1mg/lb body mass usually result in full anesthesia with little recall of the experience and may take longer to recover. There may be short-term memory loss with higher doses.

=== Intravenous injection ===

Intravenous injection is possible with ketamine. The doses are the same as for intramuscular injection. However, with intravenous injection, the user can become fully anesthetized before she is able to remove the needle from her body. For this reason alone intravenous injection of ketamine is discouraged. Additionally, intramuscular injection provides a near-identical experience with the only major difference being a shorter (< 1 minute vs < 2 minutes) come-up.

== Duration ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 10-75 minutes
|-
| Total || 1-2 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflation
|-
| Onset || 7.5-20 minutes
|-
| Total || 1-2 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Intramuscular
|-
| Onset || <2 minutes
|-
| Peak || 1-2 hours
|-
| After-effects || 60 minutes
|}

=== Intramuscular injection ===

Onset: <2 minutes

Duration: major effects <60 minutes; tertiary effects 90 minutes; return to baseline 120 minutes

== Effects ==

=== Positive ===

* Ego death is a state often sought in the use of psychedelics, and ketamine is often considered to be a very quick route to ego death, in a repeatable, safe way.
* Some users report euphoria.
* Pain relief.
* There has been some indication that ketamine, in low doses (20-30mg), can be an effective anti-depressant.

=== Neutral ===

=== Negative ===

* Long-term, chronic usage may lead to psychosis.
* Bladder and lower urinary tract discomfort, up to and including tissue necrosis requiring replacement of bladder, ureters, and urethra, has been reported<ref>https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/ketamine/ketamine_article2.shtml</ref>. If these effects are noticed, discontinue use immediately. There is no known treatment for this except cessation of use. Symptoms may subside with discontinuation.
* Ketamine is well-known in the psychedelics community to be habit-forming. It may not be technically 'physically addictive', but certainly psychological dependence is an issue that is widely reported.
* Any substance used intramuscularly or intravenously can be associated with abscesses among other hazards.

=== After effects ===

* Ketamine takes much longer to return to a complete baseline than is immediately apparent to the user. While major effects subside in usually less than an hour, some research has shown it can take a day or longer for more subtle psychological effects to subside. For this reason, it is important to be careful with redosing and daily usage.

== Harm Reduction ==

See [[Dissociatives#Harm_Reduction|Dissociative Harm Reduction]] for general information.

==Preparation of injectable ketamine solution from "street" ketamine ==
It is assumed that ketamine provided is simply the evaporated shards of veterinary-grade ketamine (e.g., Ketalar, Ketaset, etc). These instructions do not cover "extraction" of ketamine from non-ketamine-containing mixtures. Additionally, the assumed route of administration here is intramuscular, not intravenous; intravenous solutions can have a higher concentration of ketamine per ml.

=== A note on purity of "street" ketamine ===
Anecdotal evidence suggests that even the "cleanest" ketamine available on the street cannot be sterile, or even assured to be 100% ketamine (common household dust and debris being an example of non-deliberate contamination; too small to see in a powder, but big enough to cause a problem for injection). If the procedure below is followed without the step of using the syringe filter of appropriate depth, particulate will appear in the final solution. These particles may be made sterile by boiling or the addition of benzyl alcohol. However, they can clog needles, and more importantly, they can lead to abscesses (sterile and non-sterile) in the muscles chosen for injection. This can become a medical emergency, and may need to be [http://www.thegooddrugsguide.com/gallery/before-and-after-drug-abuse/steroid-abuse/abusing-fake-steroids.htm surgically removed] ('''warning: graphic content'''). Early treatment is possible with antibiotics. An abscess will feel like a "lump" under the skin at the injection site, will usually be visibly raised, and warm to the touch. Seek treatment early if you have these symptoms.

=== Material ===

* Sterile saline solution
* Ketamine powder or "shards"
* Benzyl alcohol
* Sterile 10ml multi-dose vials
* Septums ("tops") per each multi-dose vial
* Sterile glass stirring rods
* Sterile beaker or graduated cylinder of greater than 50ml capacity
* Sterile syringe filters (22μm)
* Sterile 20cc syringes
* Temperature-controlled hot plate with magnetic stirring device or glass stirring rods, above

=== Preparation ===

Ketamine is quite soluble in water up to about 200mg/ml when warm and closer to 100mg/ml at room temperature.

# To begin, measure out one gram (1g) of ketamine per 10ml of saline solution used. Heat water in the beaker or cylinder to 80°C.
::''note:'' boiling is preferable but will throw off the total volume of water and thus the ratio of ketamine per cc.
# Per 10ml, measure out .1ml of benzyl alcohol (1%), and dispense to each multi-dose vial.
::''note:'' benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate are soluble in water, but require stirring and heating. Either should stay in solution after the water is heated and subsequently cools.

# Add ketamine powder to the heated water.
# Stir using a glass stirring rod or magnetic stirring device.
# When powder is visibly dissolved in the sterile solution, meter out 10ml of the solution using a 20cc syringe per 10ml vial.
# Using the 22μm syringe filter, add 10ml of the ketamine solution per multi-dose vial, pushing through (not pulling through) the syringe filter.
# Apply septum to each multi-dose vial and allow solution to cool to at most 30°C.

=== Notes on parenteral usage ===

Always use a test injection of e.g., 1/10th cc (in this case, 10mg) before actually using a therapeutic or recreational dose.

Benzyl benzoate may be used instead of benzyl alcohol at 1-2% per volume as a preservative/antimicrobial agent.

Ketamine is highly soluble in water at room- and body temperature. That said, for intramuscular injection, it is very important to ensure the solution will not "crash" (come out of solution) post-injection because of the solution cooling. Under no circumstances should you prepare a solution of greater than 100mg/ml or inject a solution that is above body temperature.
:''' ''note'' ''': left in a multi-dose vial or in syringes, ketamine can come out of solution if the ambient temperature dips low enough. there is at least one anecdote of a winter breeze through a domicile cooling both syringes and a vial sufficiently that crystals began to condense from the solution. obviously one should not attempt to inject the contents of a syringe if crystalline content is evident.

With benzyl alcohol or benzyl benzoate, in sterile sealed vials, having been processed through a syringe filter, and kept above freezing, this solution should remain quite stable and sterile indefinitely.

== Chemistry and Pharmacology ==

=== Pharmacokinetics ===

Ketamine is absorbable via intravenous, intramuscular, oral, and topical routes due to both its water and lipid solubilities.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19546251</ref> When administered orally, it undergoes first-pass metabolism, where it is biotransformed in the liver by CYP3A4 (major), CYP2B6 (minor), and CYP2C9 (minor) isoenzymes into norketamine (through N-demethylation) and finally dehydronorketamine.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18175098</ref> Intermediate in the biotransformation of norketamine into dehydronorketamine is the hydroxylation of norketamine into 5-hydroxynorketamine by CYP2B6 and CYP2A6. Dehydronorketamine, followed by norketamine, is the most prevalent metabolite detected in urine.<ref>http://www.dovepress.com/to-use-or-not-to-use-an-update-on-licit-and-illicit-ketamine-use-peer-reviewed-article-SAR</ref> As the major metabolite of ketamine, norketamine is one-third to one-fifth as potent anesthetically, and plasma levels of this metabolite are three times higher than ketamine following oral administration.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19546251</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1308374</ref>Bioavailability through the oral route reaches 17–20%; bioavailability through other routes are as follows: 93% intramuscularly, 25–50% intranasally, 30% sublingually, and 30% rectally.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21419322</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18175098</ref> Peak plasma concentrations are reached within a minute intravenously, 5–15 min intramuscularly, and 30 min orally.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1308374</ref> Ketamine's duration of action in a clinical setting is 30 min to 2 h intramuscularly and 4–6 h orally.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21419322</ref>

Plasma concentrations of ketamine are increased by diazepam and other CYP3A4 inhibitors.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21419322</ref>

=== Pharmacodynamics ===

Pharmacologically, ketamine is classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2858237</ref> At high, fully anesthetic level doses, ketamine has also been found to bind to μ-opioid receptors type 2 in cultured human neuroblastoma cells – however, without agonist activity<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14530949</ref> and to sigma receptors in rats.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11900615</ref> Ketamine also interacts with muscarinic receptors, descending monoaminergic pain pathways and voltage-gated calcium channels,[61]and it inhibits hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–modulated (HCN1) cation channels.

== Images ==
[[File:Ketamine_hcl.jpg]]

== Legal status ==

* United States: Schedule III<ref>http://www.justice.gov/dea/druginfo/ds.shtml</ref>
In some countries, such as Thailand and Mexico, ketamine is available over-the-counter without a prescription; legality for human use is questionable, however.

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

Dissociatives

2014-07-29T07:24:56Z

CustaiCo: Expanded harm reduction section with info from individual pages

==General information==
[[File:Ketaminedxomxepcp.png|200px|thumb|right]]
'''Dissociatives''' are a class of [[hallucinogen]] which reduce or block signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. In comparison to [[psychedelics]] and [[deliriants]], they are a very new class of hallucinogen, with the first classical dissociative being synthesized in 1926 (PCP). They offer a trip that is characterized by dissociation and bizarre feelings of detachment from reality, with anaesthetic-like effects and dream-like states.

This guide is in reference to all of the classical Dissociatives, or more specifically, [[Ketamine]], [[MXE]], [[DXM]], [[PCP]] and [[3-MeO-PCP]]. This list excludes [[Nitrous Oxide]], which feels completely a-typical in comparison.

It’s worth noting that Dissociatives can be addictive and bad for your health with regular long term usage, so you’ll need to do some independent research before trying these. Although these hallucinations are completely different to anything found with psychedelics, they should not be underestimated, and allow you to go equally as "deep" in a completely different mental landscape. However, they are not nearly as powerful when it comes to introspection and resolving personal problems.

All of the classical Dissociatives are pharmacologically categorized as [[NMDA receptor]] antagonists, which are a class of anaesthetics that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). The NMDA receptor is a receptor that allows for the transfer of electrical signals between neurons in the brain and in the spinal column. These receptors are located at the end of dendrites on a neuron cell. The dendrites send messages to other neurons through these, but when a drug that blocks the NMDA activity is taken, they are partially or entirely blocked, decreasing the brains ability to transfer information across itself. Disconnecting the neurons and causing feelings of extreme dissociation or detachment, leading onto hallucinatory states. Causing states of moderate to extreme dissociation in the user as the subconscious brain begins to fill in these sensory gaps with entirely imagined hallucinations and dreamlike states.

==Common Dissociatives==

* [[Ketamine]]
* [[DXM]]
* [[MXE]]
* [[PCP]]
* [[Nitrous]]
* [[Diphenidine]]

==Effects==

===Dissociation and detachment===
[[File:RWY72.jpg|200px|thumb|right]]
Feelings of detachment are the most noticeable component of a dissociative trip. Which is entirely triggered by the blocking of NMDA receptors.

At lower states of dissociation this essentially feels like an obvious but still difficult to pinpoint feeling of detachment from the external environment and body. The greatest analogy to depict this is that if we look at the world through a window during our day to day lives, when a person becomes dissociated they are standing increasingly further back from this window proportionally to the dosage consumed. Creating a feeling of being mentally withdrawn from the environment, allowing people to look at their lives from an almost third person perspective and analyse it without bias, surprisingly resulting in an enjoyable state of deep introspection and a profound drunkenness. These states are often described by people as:
[[File:OtakQ.jpg|200px|thumb|right]]
*Feeling generally separate from the external world.
*Feeling physically and mentally autonomous.
*Feeling as though life is being watched through a screen.
*Feeling as though life is a film or a dream.
*Feeling as though you are physically further from the external world.
*Feeling as though you are looking through somebody else’s eyes.

States of dissociation and detachment increase proportionally to dosage until they become completely detached from the external environment and eventually their own bodies causing them to slip into the famous dissociative hole.

A process which can be broken down into 4 distinct levels of increasing intensity.

1. '''Partial detachment'''

Feelings of surrealness and general detachment from the external environment. As described in detail above.
detachment from environment.

As the detachment increases the environment becomes physically further away in distance and increasingly disconnected from a persons sensory perception. Blurred vision sets in while anaesthetic like effects and tactile numbness begin to take place. At this point motor control and balance become moderately to completely suppressed in a way that is proportional to dosage. In terms of sound, hearing also seems to become muffled and distant.

2. '''Detachment from body'''

Complete disconnection from body. It is here where the tripper finds themselves out of their body having slipped into a what can only be described as a hallucinatory hole or an empty void.

3. '''Detachment from mind and sense of self'''

The final level of dissociation and detachment is complete disconnection from a persons mind and sense of self resulting in ego death. Giving the profound experience that there is no longer an “I” experiencing the intensity of the trip any more, there is just the trip as it is and by itself.

In terms of the thought patterns and general mental processes, dissociative ego death is very similar to its psychedelic equivalent in a number of ways. Characterized by an extreme loss or failure of a person’s short term memory. This means that a person who is experiencing ego death cannot hold onto the memory of where they are and what they are doing for more than a second or two, instantly forgetting everything as soon as it happens to them. Long term memory however seems to remain mostly in tact, with people usually capable of remembering things like who they are and what they are unless they are experiencing ego death at a particularly high level.

===Double vision===
[[File:Tumblr_mfv8dhHwqV1r7wwr6o1_1280.jpg|200px|thumb|right]]
As a person begins to become disconnected and detached from their external environment. The visual field not only becomes blurred and indistinct but completely doubled onto itself as well. This feels as if you are seeing out of both of your eyes at once with the two images no longer being spliced and merged together into a unified whole. Forcing people to close one of their eyes if they want to perform any task which requires fine vision or reading.

===Perspective distortions===
[[File:Aliceinwonderlandsyndrome.png|200px|thumb|right]]
Another very common mental component of a classic dissociative trip is one of a profound shift in perspective; this generally consists of drastic changes in the size and distance attributed either to a person’s body or their external environment.

Feelings of suddenly having an impossibly giant or tiny body are very common and can be quite an incredible experience. This feeling is already known by the scientific literature as “Alice in Wonderland Syndrome”. It is known as a temporary condition often associated with migraines, brain tumors, and of course the use of psychoactive drugs. With dissociatives at least it can also be more specifically attributed to the room around you or certain body parts. For example feelings of having a huge head or tiny limbs are quite common. This specific mental component has limitless potential in terms of size and the feeling of being simultaneously huge and tiny or having a body that feels larger than the entire universe is not unheard of.

Perspective distortions can also affect distance, making specific objects or the entire external environment seem physically closer or further away.
Another common manifestation of this effect is changes in noise volume, making sounds seem extremely quiet or extremely loud.

===Scenery slicing===
[[File:slice.jpg|200px|thumb|right]]
Scenery slicing is a fairly uncommon visual but appears across multiple people and regularly enough to make it worth mentioning. This effect usually happens spontaneously with no obvious trigger and makes the external environment appear as if it has been cut remarkably cleanly into separate slices with a razor blade Which then slide across each other in separate directions causing the visual field to split apart into sections.

===Closed eye visuals===
[[File:Vusr5.jpg|200px|thumb|right]]
Visuals are an effect triggered by Dissociatives that can be described as the sensation of a person’s field of closed eye vision being partially or completely encompassed by shifting geometric patterns, shapes, structures and colour. Whilst LSD and Mushrooms merely display visuals on a veil in front of your visual field with no sense of particular size attributed them. Dissociatives take you directly into the center of them, as if they are surrounding you. They also have a sense of physical size attributed to them.

Dissociative visuals are more simplistic and less intricate than psychedelic visuals. They tend to be darker and slower in terms of how fast they change, only displaying themselves when the tripper has their eyes closed. Simply put, the visuals are more solid and realistic than psychedelic visuals with an actual sense of physical size and 3-Dimensional depth but never quite as detailed or complex.

===Spaces and holes===
The spaces and holes encountered on Dissociatives are something that is experienced once the detachment has reached level 3. When you have finally become completely disconnected from your physical body. Causing you to undergo an out of body experience and be pulled into a place that feels as if it is outside of reality.

A place that is commonly referenced to by the dissociative community as a hole. With drug specific manifestations of this state being known as “the K-hole” for Ketamine and the “M-hole” for MXE. Commonly described as a complete loss of bodily awareness and sensations of floating or falling through a dark and infinite void over great physical distances. Often done on what feels like some sort of invisible rail. A feeling that is interpreted by many people as flying through space or the night sky. With many trippers stating that they feel as though their perceptions are located so deep inside the mind that the real world seems so distant that it might as well not exist.

In terms of its appearance, a typical dissociative hole is usually completely dark with occasional clouds of slow moving amorphous colour clouds in the background. At their lowest level they are completely empty, but as dosage is increased they are accompanied by and filled with a wide variety of elaborate and complex structures which are described in detail below.

===Hallucinatory structures===
[[File:SI6XZ.png|200px|thumb|right]]
Dissociative induced hallucinatory structures are the only feature found within what would otherwise be completely empty spaces and holes. They can generally be described as 3-Dimensional and monolithic shapes or structures of infinite variety and size that float above, below or in front of you as they gradually zoom, rotate or pan into focus and become unveiled before your eyes at a slow pace. These structures can take any static comprehensible shape possible but can commonly be experienced as vast and giant pillars, columns, blocks, teardrops, wheels and pyramids. Often fractal in nature and capable of being manifested in any variety of colours but usually following darker themes and tones. In terms of the materials that they appear to be comprised of and the complexity of detail in which they are perceived in, dissociative structures can be broken into 4 basic levels.

'''1. 2-Dimensional Structures'''

The most basic level of structural complexity confines it’s geometry to strictly 2-Dimensional shapes. These shapes are usually very flat and dark in their colour and often “felt” instead of seen in a way that cannot be described adequately to the uninitiated. In terms of their size, these structures take up the entirety of a persons visual field but do not appear to have any particular size attributed to them.

'''2. Partially defined 3-Dimensional Structures'''

Above this the structures become better defined and 3-Dimensional in shape with basic detail in their lighting and shadow. Appearing to be made of semi transparent condensed colour or solidified shimmering visuals that are seen as ill defined, soft and out of focus around their edges. In terms of size, these structures appear to be extremely large, stretching out across hundreds and hundreds of metres.

'''3. Fully defined 3-Dimensional Structures'''

Once hallucinatory structures reach their third level of complexity they become fully defined in their shape, edges, lighting, shadow and detail. Often appearing to be made of solid and dense realistic materials such as stone and metal. They are capable of being thousands of miles across themselves and extremely complex in form.

'''4. Self transforming mechanistic structural universes'''
[[File:WZah0.jpg|200px|thumb|right]]
As dosage increases, the detail continues to complexify proportionally until the sensation of seeing the entire universe condensed into an infinitely vast and intricate self transforming machine structure becomes present. Accompanied by the sudden realization that you are the structure that you are staring down upon and that the structure is also you. In terms of its appearance, this state is extremely hard to describe. The structure can take any form but usually appears to be a consistently shaped machine-like structures or clouds that are infinite in size and felt at every point of detail across themselves. This is immediately interpreted through some sort of innate instinct as “the universe” or at least, “everything” by everybody who undergoes the experience.

Structures typically last anywhere from 30 seconds to several minutes before the person slips back into reality or into the presence of another structure. There are three different methods through which these hallucinatory structures are shifted between.

*'''Structural Transformations''' - structures can switch between each other by morphing around you in a static, comprehensible way. Something that usually unfolds in front of you in a rather slow, step by step morphing process.
*'''Structural Panning''' - structures can switch between each other by remaining completely static in their shape but simply panning out of view until they are no longer within your field of vision. It’s from here that another structure usually comes into view from behind your physical body within a few seconds to a couple of minutes. Allowing the cycle of continuous spontaneous structures to go on undisturbed.
*'''Travelling over great distances''' - The third method of transitioning is experienced when the structures appear to be stuck in place whilst you are floating silently between them over what feels like a huge and physical distance. This is often done on an invisible rail through the vast and infinite dissociative hole. A feeling that is interpreted by many people as flying through space or the night sky.

===Hallucinatory states===
Hallucinations and scenarios are only possible during very high dose trips and an intensely realistic component of the Dissociative experience. They could be anything but generally fall under common archetypes such as contact with autonomous entities, imagined landscapes, alternate dimensions, replayed memories and situations that seem so unlike anything previously experienced that they are in all probability, untranslatable into English. Starting out by following a feeling of detachment from the hallucination itself, for example watching autonomous people and entities going about their daily business oblivious to your existence, playing out as if it were a film. At higher doses of hallucinatory states they become increasingly involved, accessing distant memories from your past is also completely possible. Replayed memories can feel like weeks and weeks of real time hallucinations and are perfect in every detail.

In comparison to psychedelics they are more solid and not made of a closed eye visual based material. The solidity and detachment from these scenarios is what separates them in my opinion from any entity contact or hallucinations experienced on drugs such as Mushrooms or LSD.

==Harm Reduction==

===General===
*Driving or operating machinery under the influence of dissociatives is strongly discouraged. Your spacial awareness is extremely limited, even when mildly intoxicated.
*On higher does coordination is imparted to the point that any movement should be as limited as possible.
*Nausea can happen on many dissociatives if there are stomach contents. It is best to not eat for 3~4 hours before dosing.
*Dissociatives may be neurotoxic.<ref>http://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.2660263</ref> Moderation is advised.
*Ketamine use is known to have negative impacts on bladder health.<ref>http://www.hkmj.org/article_pdfs/hkm1002p6.pdf</ref>
*If using a new substance having a sober person available may limit fallout from unexpected effects.

===Interactions===
It is generally unwise to mix CNS depressants, such as benzodiazepines or alcohol, as it increases the risk of an overdose and respiratory depression.

==Links==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative

[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

==References==

<references />

4-HO-MiPT

2014-07-21T11:26:22Z

CustaiCo: Stubbed in based on tripbot's info

A Psilocin analogue, 4-HO-MiPT is similar to shrooms with a slightly shorter duration. A rather visual substance, it lends itself to lighter trips.

= Dosage =

Like other similar substances, this seems to be physically well tolerated at higher doses.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Threshold || 5~10mg
|-
| Light || 10~15mg
|-
| Common || 15~20mg
|-
| Strong || 20~30mg
|-
| Heavy || 40+mg
|}

= Duration =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 20~60 minutes
|-
| Total || 4~6 hours
|-
| After-effects || 2~4 hours
|}

= Effects =

== Postive ==

*Euphoria
*Sense of wonder or connectedness
*Creativity

== Neutral ==

*Altered perception of time
*Altered thought processes
*Increased emotion

== Negative ==

*Uneasy stomach after dosing
*Strong negative feelings
*Confusion

= Harm Reduction =

This substance seems to be well tolerated. While structurally similar to known safe substances, it is no guaranty of safety.

Refer to [[Psychedelics#Harm_Reduction|Psychedelic Harm Reduction]] for general information.

== Interactions ==
Check out our [[Drug Combinations]] page and chart for interactions and combinations of common drugs.

= Legal status=

Class A under the Misuse of Drugs Act in the UK<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1977/1243/contents/made</ref>

= References =

<references />

[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]

Methamphetamine

2014-07-21T11:02:58Z

CustaiCo: /* Duration */ fixed duration and warning to amphetamine naive users about very long initial effects

[[File:Crystal Meth.jpg|250px|right]]

Methamphetamine is a strong physical and mental stimulant. It is legally prescribed as a treatment for ADD under the brand name Desoxyn, for both children and adults. Recreationally, methamphetamine is used to increase sexual, lift the mood, and increase energy, allowing some users to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days straight. Methamphetamine production is a relatively simple process, especially when compared to many other recreational drugs which has contributed to its widespread use. It is frequently reported on in the media when home meth-producing labs are busted.

Methamphetamine exists as two [[Glossary#Enantiomer|enantiomers]], dextrorotary and levorotary. Dextromethamphetamine is a stronger central nervous system(CNS) stimulant than levomethamphetamine; however, both are addictive and produce the same toxicity symptoms at high doses. Methamphetamine may be sold illegally, either as pure dextromethamphetamine or in an equal parts mixture of the right and left handed molecules (i.e., 50% levomethamphetamine and 50% dextromethamphetamine). Both dextromethamphetamine and racemic methamphetamine are schedule II controlled substances in the United States. Similarly, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or illegal in many other countries due to its placement in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substancestreaty. In contrast, levomethamphetamine is an over-the-counter drug in the United States.

== History ==
Amphetamine, discovered before methamphetamine, was first synthesized in 1887 in Germany by Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu who named it phenylisopropylamine. Shortly after, methamphetamine was synthesized from ephedrine in 1893 by Japanesechemist Nagai Nagayoshi. Three decades later, in 1919, methamphetamine hydrochloride was synthesized by pharmacologist Akira Ogata via reduction of ephedrine using red phosphorus and iodine. During World War II, methamphetamine was used extensively by the Axis forces for its stimulant effects. Obetrol, patented by Obetrol Pharmaceuticals in the 1950s and indicated for treatment of obesity, was one of the first brands of pharmaceutical methamphetamine products. Due to the psychological and stimulant effects of methamphetamine, Obetrol became a popular diet pill in America in the 1950s and 1960s. Eventually, as the addictive properties of the drug became known, governments began to strictly regulate the production and distribution of methamphetamine. For example, during the early 1970s in the United States, methamphetamine became a schedule II controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act. Currently, methamphetamine is sold under the trade name Desoxyn, trademarked by the Danish pharmaceutical company Lundbeck. As of January 2013, the Desoxyn trademark had been sold to Italian pharmaceutical company Recordati.

= Dosage =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Light || 5-15mg
|-
| Common || 10-30mg
|-
| Strong || 20-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 40-150mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Light || 5-15mg
|-
| Common || 10-40mg
|-
| Strong || 30-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 50mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Smoked
|-
| Light || 5-10mg
|-
| Common || 10-20mg
|-
| Strong || 30-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 50mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Intravenous
|-
| Light || 5-10mg
|-
| Common || 10-40mg
|-
| Strong || 30-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 50-100mg
|}

= Duration =

These durations are for users of somewhat moderate tolerance. Amphetamine naive users may not be able to sleep for 18+ hours after oral use and other routes will be lengthened as well.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 20-70 minutes
|-
| Total || 8~10 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Onset || 5-10 minutes
|-
| Total || 2-4 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Smoked
|-
| Onset || 0-2 minutes
|-
| Total || 1~4 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Intravenous
|-
| Onset || 0-2 minutes
|-
| Total || 4-8 hours
|}

= Effects =
== Positive ==

*Increased energy, alertness

*Sleep suppression

*Increased sociability

*Mood elevation

*Increased libido

== Neutral ==

*Excessive talking

*Decreased appetite

*Sweating

*Dilated pupils

== Negative ==

*Weight loss

*Disturbed sleep patterns, Insomnia

*Bruxia

*Drying of oral mucosa

*Loss of appetite

*Visual and auditory hallucinations

*Itchiness

*Aggressiveness

*Moodiness, Irritability, Anxiety

*Increased heart rate, Irregular heart rhythm

*Excessive sweating, Dehydration

*Fatal kidney disorder

*Possible brain damage

*Liver damage

= Harm Reduction =
When dealing with methamphetamine it's important to remember that a large number of the harms come not from the drug itself, but from the behaviors the drug causes individuals to exhibit. Loss of sleep, poor nutrition, and poor self care are the cause of many of the negative effects.

*Methamphetamine lasts for a long time and will impair sleep. Dose early in the day and do not redose to avoid sleep disruption.

*Oral roa has less redose compulsion than other routes such as vaporization.

*It is important to eat and stay hydrated, even if you do not feel the need for food. Even if you are not feeling like eating you can generally have some fruit or a bowl of cereal or yogurt with granola.

*It is important to keep up on your self-care. "Meth mouth" is caused by poor oral hygiene combined with the habit of users to sip sugary beverages to relieve dry mouth symptoms. Use water and not soda to relieve dry mouth. Remember to brush your teeth after eating or consuming any caloric beverages.

= Chemistry and Pharmacology =
[[File:Meth molecule.jpg|150px|right]]

Systematic name: N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine

At room temperature, the free base of methamphetamine is a clear and colorless liquid with an odor characteristic of geranium leaves. It is soluble in diethyl ether and ethanol as well as miscible with chloroform. In contrast, the methampetamine hydrochloride salt is odorless with a bitter taste. It has a melting point between 170 to 175 °C (338 to 347 °F) and, at room temperature, occurs as white crystals or a white crystalline powder. The hydrochloride salt is also freely soluble in alcohol and water.

Powder methamphetamine is the hydrochloride salt form which is strongly hygroscopic (absorbs water from the air quickly). The HCl salt is smokable as is. Crystal meth "Crystal Meth" or "Ice" refer to methamphetamine grown into crystals. Though many people believe that Crystal Meth is the freebase form of methamphetamie HCl, this is not true. Methamphetamine is smokable in its normal HCL form, but taking the time to grow it into crystals makes it easier to smoke. Meth in visible crystals (rather than powder) is likely to be relatively pure as it is difficult to grow crystals from impure material. Methamphetamine freebase is an oil and is uncommon on the street.

= Links=

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine Wikipedia]

[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/meth/meth.shtml Erowid]

[http://reddit.com/r/Drugs/wiki/methamphetamine /r/Drugs Wiki]

[http://science.howstuffworks.com/meth3.htm howstuffworks]

[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]

Methoxetamine

2014-07-21T10:41:32Z

CustaiCo: Added MXE jpg

[[File:Mxe.jpg|200px|right]]
Methoxetamine (3-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE) is a near chemical analogue of [[Ketamine]] and [[PCP]]. It was first publicly reported in 2010. Some say it's similar to Ketamine or high doses of DXM. Methoxetamine differs from many dissociatives such as ketamine and phencyclidine that were developed as pharmaceuticals in that it was designed specifically for grey market distribution, making it a rare instance of a true designer drug. It has been shown to act as an NMDA receptor antagonist and unlike ketamine also acts as Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SRI). The N-Ethyl group on this compound increases potency.

= Dosage =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Threshold || 5-20mg
|-
| Low || 10-30mg
|-
| Common || 40-60mg
|-
| Strong || 50-100mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Threshold || 5-15mg
|-
| Low || 15-30mg
|-
| Common || 30-50mg
|-
| Strong || 50-75mg
|-
| Hole || 75-100mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sublingual
|-
| Threshold || 5-10mg
|-
| Low || 10-20mg
|-
| Common || 40-60mg
|-
| Strong || 60-75mg
|-
| Hole || 75-100mg+
|}

= Duration =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 30-60 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-6 hours
|-
| After-effects || 2-48 hours (dose-dependent)
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Onset || 5-40 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-6 hours
|-
| After-effects || 2-48 hours (dose-dependent)
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sublingual
|-
| Onset || 15-45 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-6 hours
|-
| After-effects || 2-48 hours (dose-dependent)
|}

= Effects =

== Positive ==
* Euphoria, mood lift
* Sense of calm and serenity
* Vivid recall of past memories and dreams
* Closed- and open-eye visuals (common)
* Out-of-body experience (less intense then ketamine)

== Neutral ==
* Distortion or loss of sensory perceptions (common)
* Dissociation of mind from body
* Sweating
* Analgesia, numbness
* Significant change in perception of time
* Increase in heart rate
* Confusion, disorientation

== Negative ==
* Risk of psychological dependency
* Nasal discomfort upon insufflation
* Blacking out and forgetting one has taken a drug
* Discomfort, pain or numbness at injection site (with IM)
* Severe confusion, disorganised thinking
* Vertigo, spinning sensation (risk of injury)
* Nausea, vomiting
* Susceptibility to accidents (from uncoordination and change in perception of body and time)
* Severe dissociation, depersonalisation
* Loss of consciousness
* Depression of heart rate and respiration (risk increases with increased dose or when combined with depressants)

= Harm Reduction =
* Avoid driving at all costs.
* Avoid walking or moving around in general if you are on a medium to hole dose.
* Taking this on a non-empty substance could lead to nausea.

== Interactions ==
[[Drug Combinations]]

= Chemistry and Pharmacology =

Examination of MXE molecule showed that, similar to [[Ketamine]], the 2 isomers have totally different effects with the (S) having potent NMDA activity (when the -OCH3 is deprotected to -OH, it gets stronger) while the (R) isomer has SRI effects and possibly a opioid metabolite.

MXE is generally sold racemic.

= Legal status=

Methoxetamine is illegal in the US states Arizona<ref>http://www.azleg.gov/DocumentsForBill.asp?Session_ID=112&Bill_Number=HB2453</ref>, Florida<ref>http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0800-0899/0893/0893.html</ref>, Indiana<ref>http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/2010/title35/ar31.5/ch2.html</ref>, Louisiana<ref>http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=850979&n=HB10%20Act</ref>, Minnesota<ref>https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=152.02</ref>, North Dakota<ref>http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t19c03-1.pdf?20140721032549</ref>, Ohio<ref>http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText130/130_HB_315_RH_N.html</ref> and Virginia<ref>http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?000+cod+54.1-3446</ref>. It is also banned in Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the UK<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/239/contents/made</ref>.

= Links =

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxetamine Wikipedia]

[http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/methoxetamine/methoxetamine.shtml Erowid]

[http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showwiki.php?title=Methoxetamine Drugs-Forum]

[http://reddit.com/r/Drugs/comments/o9wam/rdrugs_ama_series_mxe_methoxetamine/?sort=top /r/Drugs FAQ]

= References =

<references />

[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]

File:Mxe.jpg

2014-07-21T10:36:06Z

CustaiCo: MXE, about 3g

MXE, about 3g

GHB

2014-07-21T10:07:32Z

CustaiCo: Added dopamine rebound section

[[File:GHB.jpg|right]]

GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid) is a CNS depressant used as intoxicant. It is a naturally occurring substance found in the human central nervous system, as well as in wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and in small amounts in almost all animals. GHB has been used in a medical setting as a general anaesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and alcohol withdrawal, and to improve athletic performance.

== History ==
GHB was synthesized and introduced into medicine in 1960 and in 1963 discovered as a naturally occurring chemical in the human brain.

= Dosage =

GBL dose: 1ml GBL is equal to 1.6g GHB

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Light || 0.5-1.5g
|-
| Common || 1-2.5g
|-
| Strong || 2-4g
|}

= Duration =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 10-40 minutes
|-
| Total || 1-3 hours
|}

= Effects =

== Positive ==
*Relaxation
*Increased sociability
*Positive mood changes
*Euphoria
*Empathogenic
*Enhanced sensuality

== Neutral ==
*Dizziness

== Negative ==
*Nausea
*Restlessness
*Unconsciousness
*Amnesia

== After effects ==

* Hangover (usually only occurs from high doses)
* [[#Dopamine Rebound]]

= Harm Reduction =
* The dosage curve of GHB is very steep, recreational doses being very close to doses which will cause a period of unrousable sleep, which are again relatively close to doses which may cause coma or death through respiratory depression.
*The only way to know the concentration of liquid GHB is to know and trust information provided by the source. Users should be extremely careful about GHB dosages as even small overdoses can result in temporarily unrousable sleep.
* Avoid driving and operating heavy machinery
* Don't mix it with [[alcohol]], or other [[depressants]]
* 2-3 uses a week should be the maximum
* High addiction potential

= Chemistry and Pharmacology =
GHB has at least two distinct binding sites in the central nervous system. GHB is an agonist at the newly characterized GHB receptor, which is excitatory, and it is a weak agonist at the GABA-B receptor, which is inhibitory. GHB is a naturally occurring substance that acts in a similar fashion to some neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain. GHB is probably synthesized from GABA in GABAergic neurons, and released when the neurons fire.

If taken orally, GABA itself does not effectively cross the blood-brain-barrier.

== Dopamine Rebound ==

GHB will reduce dopamine levels in high amounts, but increase dopamine levels in the brain in low amounts<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1847191</ref>. This leads to what is known as dopamine rebound among users. Users can experience strong wakefullness about 4 hours after the last dose was consumed. This is often strong enough to wake the user up from sleep, and may be accompanied by a strong redose compulsion. The longer and higher the dose of GHB used, the more pronounced the effect may become.

== Production ==
Production of GHB consists simply of mixing "lactone" (short for gamma butyrlactone) and lye (sodium hydroxide) in the proper amounts. It can also be converted from GBL.

= Legal status =

GHB is illegal in most parts of the world, GBL is legal in parts of Europe.

= Links =

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid

= References =

<references />

[[Category:Depressant]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

Talk:GHB

2014-07-21T09:44:12Z

CustaiCo: Created page with "== After effects section == Does anybody actually get "Sleepiness" or "Drowsiness" from GHB after it's worn off? It seems the most dominant after affect would be dopmane reb..."

== After effects section ==

Does anybody actually get "Sleepiness" or "Drowsiness" from GHB after it's worn off? It seems the most dominant after affect would be dopmane rebound which isn't addresed here at all. It's so promoting of wakefullness it will easily wake you up in the middle of the night with redose compulsion. -- CustaiCo

Sources for Laboratory Analysis

2014-07-21T09:08:33Z

CustaiCo: Added link to energy-control PGP key

= [https://www.ecstasydata.org/send_sample.php EcstasyData] =

Launched in 2001, EcstasyData.org is an independent laboratory pill testing program run by Erowid Center and co-sponsored by Dancesafe and Isomer Design. Its purpose is to collect, manage, review, and present laboratory pill testing results making the information publicly available to help harm-reduction efforts.

'''Cost:'''
*Ecstasy Tablets - $40
*All other ecstasy or research chemical samples - $100
*Pharmaceutical tablets and herbal supplements - $150

= [http://energycontrol.org/noticias/528-international.html Energy Control] =
Energy Control began in Barcelona, Spain in 1997 as a pioneering harm reduction project. They provide information and advice on various drugs in order to help reduce the risks associated with use.

International users will pay for testing in bitcoin. When contacting them via email, you may use PGP-Inline encryption. PGP-MIME is not parsable by their mail client. Their PGP key fingerprint is F8F0 2EE1 554F 512C A010 81B2 55D4 8165 1B7B 159F<ref>http://energycontrol.org/files/public_key/ENERGY_CONTROL_pub.asc</ref>

'''Cost:'''
*Cannabis from an Individual - €5
*Cannabis from a Professional Organization - €20
*Samples from outside of Spain - €50
*Anaylsis of other drugs - €50

= [http://www.wedinos.org/sample_testing.html Welsh Emerging Drugs & Identification of Novel Substances Project (WEDINOS)] =

Created in 2009, WEDINOS was created to profile and process the mapping of trends and harms of drugs in Wales. WEDINOS provides a robust mechanism for the collection and testing of unknown/unidentified or new psychoactive substances and combinations of substances, and the production and dissemination of pragmatic harm reduction advice.

'''Cost:'''
*No charge for testing

= References =

<references />

Sources for Laboratory Analysis

2014-07-21T09:06:58Z

CustaiCo: /* Energy Control */ Changed to international, English url and provided information about the services.

= [https://www.ecstasydata.org/send_sample.php EcstasyData] =

Launched in 2001, EcstasyData.org is an independent laboratory pill testing program run by Erowid Center and co-sponsored by Dancesafe and Isomer Design. Its purpose is to collect, manage, review, and present laboratory pill testing results making the information publicly available to help harm-reduction efforts.

'''Cost:'''
*Ecstasy Tablets - $40
*All other ecstasy or research chemical samples - $100
*Pharmaceutical tablets and herbal supplements - $150

= [http://energycontrol.org/noticias/528-international.html Energy Control] =
Energy Control began in Barcelona, Spain in 1997 as a pioneering harm reduction project. They provide information and advice on various drugs in order to help reduce the risks associated with use.

International users will pay for testing in bitcoin. When contacting them via email, you may use PGP-Inline encryption. PGP-MIME is not parsable by their mail client. Their PGP key fingerprint is F8F0 2EE1 554F 512C A010 81B2 55D4 8165 1B7B 159F

'''Cost:'''
*Cannabis from an Individual - €5
*Cannabis from a Professional Organization - €20
*Samples from outside of Spain - €50
*Anaylsis of other drugs - €50

= [http://www.wedinos.org/sample_testing.html Welsh Emerging Drugs & Identification of Novel Substances Project (WEDINOS)] =

Created in 2009, WEDINOS was created to profile and process the mapping of trends and harms of drugs in Wales. WEDINOS provides a robust mechanism for the collection and testing of unknown/unidentified or new psychoactive substances and combinations of substances, and the production and dissemination of pragmatic harm reduction advice.

'''Cost:'''
*No charge for testing

Methoxetamine

2014-07-21T08:28:46Z

CustaiCo: Added references for legal status

Methoxetamine (3-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE) is a near chemical analogue of [[Ketamine]] and [[PCP]]. It was first publicly reported in 2010. Some say it's similar to Ketamine or high doses of DXM. Methoxetamine differs from many dissociatives such as ketamine and phencyclidine that were developed as pharmaceuticals in that it was designed specifically for grey market distribution, making it a rare instance of a true designer drug. It has been shown to act as an NMDA receptor antagonist and unlike ketamine also acts as Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SRI). The N-Ethyl group on this compound increases potency.

= Dosage =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Threshold || 5-20mg
|-
| Low || 10-30mg
|-
| Common || 40-60mg
|-
| Strong || 50-100mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Threshold || 5-15mg
|-
| Low || 15-30mg
|-
| Common || 30-50mg
|-
| Strong || 50-75mg
|-
| Hole || 75-100mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sublingual
|-
| Threshold || 5-10mg
|-
| Low || 10-20mg
|-
| Common || 40-60mg
|-
| Strong || 60-75mg
|-
| Hole || 75-100mg+
|}

= Duration =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 30-60 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-6 hours
|-
| After-effects || 2-48 hours (dose-dependent)
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Onset || 5-40 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-6 hours
|-
| After-effects || 2-48 hours (dose-dependent)
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sublingual
|-
| Onset || 15-45 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-6 hours
|-
| After-effects || 2-48 hours (dose-dependent)
|}

= Effects =

== Positive ==
* Euphoria, mood lift
* Sense of calm and serenity
* Vivid recall of past memories and dreams
* Closed- and open-eye visuals (common)
* Out-of-body experience (less intense then ketamine)

== Neutral ==
* Distortion or loss of sensory perceptions (common)
* Dissociation of mind from body
* Sweating
* Analgesia, numbness
* Significant change in perception of time
* Increase in heart rate
* Confusion, disorientation

== Negative ==
* Risk of psychological dependency
* Nasal discomfort upon insufflation
* Blacking out and forgetting one has taken a drug
* Discomfort, pain or numbness at injection site (with IM)
* Severe confusion, disorganised thinking
* Vertigo, spinning sensation (risk of injury)
* Nausea, vomiting
* Susceptibility to accidents (from uncoordination and change in perception of body and time)
* Severe dissociation, depersonalisation
* Loss of consciousness
* Depression of heart rate and respiration (risk increases with increased dose or when combined with depressants)

= Harm Reduction =
* Avoid driving at all costs.
* Avoid walking or moving around in general if you are on a medium to hole dose.
* Taking this on a non-empty substance could lead to nausea.

== Interactions ==
[[Drug Combinations]]

= Chemistry and Pharmacology =

Examination of MXE molecule showed that, similar to [[Ketamine]], the 2 isomers have totally different effects with the (S) having potent NMDA activity (when the -OCH3 is deprotected to -OH, it gets stronger) while the (R) isomer has DRI effects & the metabolite is an opioid.

MXE is generally sold racemic.

= Legal status=

Methoxetamine is illegal in the US states Arizona<ref>http://www.azleg.gov/DocumentsForBill.asp?Session_ID=112&Bill_Number=HB2453</ref>, Florida<ref>http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0800-0899/0893/0893.html</ref>, Indiana<ref>http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/2010/title35/ar31.5/ch2.html</ref>, Louisiana<ref>http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=850979&n=HB10%20Act</ref>, Minnesota<ref>https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=152.02</ref>, North Dakota<ref>http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t19c03-1.pdf?20140721032549</ref>, Ohio<ref>http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText130/130_HB_315_RH_N.html</ref> and Virginia<ref>http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?000+cod+54.1-3446</ref>. It is also banned in Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the UK<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/239/contents/made</ref>.

= Links =

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxetamine Wikipedia]

[http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/methoxetamine/methoxetamine.shtml Erowid]

[http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showwiki.php?title=Methoxetamine Drugs-Forum]

[http://reddit.com/r/Drugs/comments/o9wam/rdrugs_ama_series_mxe_methoxetamine/?sort=top /r/Drugs FAQ]

= References =

<references />

[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]

Stimulants

2014-07-21T08:01:29Z

CustaiCo:

==General information==
Stimulants induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical functions or both, increasing the functioning of the central nervous system. They are also occasionally referred to collectively as 'uppers.'

==Common Stimulants==

* [[Amphetamine]]

* [[Methamphetamine]]

* [[Caffeine]]

* [[Nicotine]]

* [[Cocaine]]

* [[Methylphenidate]]

* [[MDMA]]

* [[Piperazines]]

* [[Cathinones]]

Many [[psychedelics|psychedelic]] drugs such as [[LSD]] or [[2C-X]] are also stimulating to varying degrees.

==History==

Stimulants have a long history of human use, with cocaine having been used for thousands of years in its plant form in South America, for the purposes of wakefulness and recreation; it also saw heavy use in the Western world during the 19th century when it was sold as a drug to combat fatigue, as well as being used during medical procedures as a local anaesthetic. Amphetamines were first developed and used medically for the same reasons in the early 20th century, and remain heavily prescribed to this day. Today, stimulants are also widely and legally used without prescription across the world in the form of caffeine and nicotine, along with continuing illicit use of other common stimulants.

==General Effects==

'''For more details refer to specific categories or substances.'''

===Positive===

* Euphoria

* Mental stimulation

* Improved physical performance

* Wakefulness

* Increased alertness

===Neutral===

* Weight loss

* Loss of appetite

===Negative===

* Disturbances in circadian rhythm

* Tachycardia

* Bruxism

* Muscle tension

* Sleep deprivation

Further and more serious issues can arise following a binge or during withdrawals from stimulants, see the [[Quick Guide to Stimulant Comedowns]] for more information.

==Addiction==

The vast majority of stimulants carry a high risk of habituation and addiction when abused. Depending on the chemical and degree of abuse, withdrawal symptoms for a habituated user vary in effect, duration and intensity; see the [[Quick Guide to Stimulant Comedowns]] for more information.

==Harm Reduction==

The harms of stimulants come in two general classes: 1) Harms that come from the direct pharmacology of the substance and 2) Harms that come from the behaviors exihibited by stimulant users.

=== Route of Administration ===

Many stimulants can be vaporized or insufflated. This can cause damage to the nasal lining, oral mucosa and lungs. Ensuring that equipment is clean and sterile can prevent infection as well as making sure pipes are free of cracks and defects. As stimulants place extra strain on the cardiovascular system, it is advised that those who have pre-existing heart conditions or damage avoid stimulant use entirely.

Additionally methods that cause levels of the drug to increase rapidly and decline rapidly are prone to redose compulsion. Most stimulants are well absorbed orally, and this should be the prefered roa if possible.

=== Sleep ===

Sleep deprivation is also a common side effect of stimulant use, and prolonged sleep deprivation can lead to more serious conditions such as psychosis or sudden death. Long acting stimulants are best dosed once in the early morning as to avoid any intereference with sleep. It is important to get normal levels of sleep every night. A sleep deficit take much longer to recover from than to create.

=== Food ===

Most stimulants strongly suppress apetite. It is important to get enough macro and micronutrients while using stimulants. While tolerant users will have less problems eating normal foods, newer users can find themselves unable to eat at all. Easy to eat foods should be obtained prior to stimulant use so they can be eaten as needed. Fruit and cereal grains can provide needed starch and sugar. Protiens and fats can be obtained from yogurt, nuts, or commercial trail mix.

=== Self Care ===

It can be easy to neglect the needs of your body while using stimulants. Stimulants often cause xerostomia which is exasperated by contantly drinking sugary liquids. Water is the best fluid for hydration and does not promote decay. After eating or drinking caloric liquids it is important to brush your teeth. Bruxing is a common side effect of stimulant use. Sugar-free gum or custom occlusal guards can be obtained to limit the impact of bruxing not only on your teeth but also on the muscles of the jaw and neck.

=== Direct Pharmacological Harm ===

Stimulants can be directly neurotoxic, and tend to cause progressive harm over time to the cardiovascular system. Be sure to research the toxicity of any new stimulant you use, especially when using novel stimulants. Harm tends to be correleted strongly with dose and frequency of use, reduce these if at all possible.

===Interactions===

==Links==

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant

http://wiki.bluelight.org/index.php/Category:Amphetamines

http://reddit.com/r/drugs/wiki/drugs#wiki_stimulants

http://www.drugscience.org.uk/drugs-info/amphetamine/

http://www.fredonia.edu/athletics/health/davis/drug_book/chapter6.htm

[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

Terminology

2014-07-21T08:00:29Z

CustaiCo:

;MXE
:Methoxetamine

;Agonist
;agonist
:A substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor.

;DRI
:Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor

;SSRI
:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

;NMDA
:N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

;TAAR
:Trace amine-associated receptor

;Bruxism
;Bruxing
;bruxing
:Grinding or clenching of the teeth

Stimulants

2014-07-21T07:51:48Z

CustaiCo: /* Harm Reduction */ Expanded

==General information==
Stimulants induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical functions or both, increasing the functioning of the central nervous system. They are also occasionally referred to collectively as 'uppers.'

==Common Stimulants==

* [[Amphetamine]]

* [[Methamphetamine]]

* [[Caffeine]]

* [[Nicotine]]

* [[Cocaine]]

* [[Methylphenidate]]

* [[MDMA]]

* [[Piperazines]]

* [[Cathinones]]

Many [[psychedelics|psychedelic]] drugs such as [[LSD]] or [[2C-X]] are also stimulating to varying degrees.

==History==

Stimulants have a long history of human use, with cocaine having been used for thousands of years in its plant form in South America, for the purposes of wakefulness and recreation; it also saw heavy use in the Western world during the 19th century when it was sold as a drug to combat fatigue, as well as being used during medical procedures as a local anaesthetic. Amphetamines were first developed and used medically for the same reasons in the early 20th century, and remain heavily prescribed to this day. Today, stimulants are also widely and legally used without prescription across the world in the form of caffeine and nicotine, along with continuing illicit use of other common stimulants.

==General Effects==

'''For more details refer to specific categories or substances.'''

===Positive===

* Euphoria

* Mental stimulation

* Improved physical performance

* Wakefulness

* Increased alertness

===Neutral===

* Weight loss

* Loss of appetite

===Negative===

* Disturbances in circadian rhythm

* Tachycardia

* Bruxism (teeth grinding)

* Muscle tension

* Sleep deprivation

Further and more serious issues can arise following a binge or during withdrawals from stimulants, see the [[Quick Guide to Stimulant Comedowns]] for more information.

==Addiction==

The vast majority of stimulants carry a high risk of habituation and addiction when abused. Depending on the chemical and degree of abuse, withdrawal symptoms for a habituated user vary in effect, duration and intensity; see the [[Quick Guide to Stimulant Comedowns]] for more information.

==Harm Reduction==

The harms of stimulants come in two general classes: 1) Harms that come from the direct pharmacology of the substance and 2) Harms that come from the behaviors exihibited by stimulant users.

=== Route of Administration ===

Many stimulants can be vaporized or insufflated. This can cause damage to the nasal lining, oral mucosa and lungs. Ensuring that equipment is clean and sterile can prevent infection as well as making sure pipes are free of cracks and defects. As stimulants place extra strain on the cardiovascular system, it is advised that those who have pre-existing heart conditions or damage avoid stimulant use entirely.

Additionally methods that cause levels of the drug to increase rapidly and decline rapidly are prone to redose compulsion. Most stimulants are well absorbed orally, and this should be the prefered roa if possible.

=== Sleep ===

Sleep deprivation is also a common side effect of stimulant use, and prolonged sleep deprivation can lead to more serious conditions such as psychosis or sudden death. Long acting stimulants are best dosed once in the early morning as to avoid any intereference with sleep. It is important to get normal levels of sleep every night. A sleep deficit take much longer to recover from than to create.

=== Food ===

Most stimulants strongly suppress apetite. It is important to get enough macro and micronutrients while using stimulants. While tolerant users will have less problems eating normal foods, newer users can find themselves unable to eat at all. Easy to eat foods should be obtained prior to stimulant use so they can be eaten as needed. Fruit and cereal grains can provide needed starch and sugar. Protiens and fats can be obtained from yogurt, nuts, or commercial trail mix.

=== Self Care ===

It can be easy to neglect the needs of your body while using stimulants. Stimulants often cause xerostomia which is exasperated by contantly drinking sugary liquids. Water is the best fluid for hydration and does not promote decay. After eating or drinking caloric liquids it is important to brush your teeth. Bruxing is a common side effect of stimulant use. Sugar-free gum or custom occlusal guards can be obtained to limit the impact of bruxing not only on your teeth but also on the muscles of the jaw and neck.

=== Direct Pharmacological Harm ===

Stimulants can be directly neurotoxic, and tend to cause progressive harm over time to the cardiovascular system. Be sure to research the toxicity of any new stimulant you use, especially when using novel stimulants. Harm tends to be correleted strongly with dose and frequency of use, reduce these if at all possible.

===Interactions===

==Links==

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant

http://wiki.bluelight.org/index.php/Category:Amphetamines

http://reddit.com/r/drugs/wiki/drugs#wiki_stimulants

http://www.drugscience.org.uk/drugs-info/amphetamine/

http://www.fredonia.edu/athletics/health/davis/drug_book/chapter6.htm

[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

NBOMes

2014-07-21T07:23:44Z

CustaiCo: Reference fixes, added illegality in USA

These chemicals have nearly no history of human use prior to 2010 when they first became available online, and very little is known about this group of compounds. They should only be used with extreme caution. It's recommended to not take more than 1.5 mg of any substance of the NBOMe family, as there have been multiple deaths from people just taking 2-3 blotters.

= 25I-NBOMe Dosage =

Effects have been reported to vary very strongly by person (for example: person A gets a 4-hour body high with barely any visual aspects, while person B gets a >12 hour DOB-like trip with an intense visual aspect). NBOMe chemicals are not active orally, and will not work if swallowed. It is recommended to avoid sublingual administration because of the reported bad taste. Buccal administration is common, placing the tab between the upper or lower gum and lip.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sublingual
|-
| Light || 200-500 μg
|-
| Common || 500-1500 μg
|-
| Strong || 1500+ μg
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Light || 100-400 μg
|-
| Common || 400-700 μg
|-
| Strong || 700+ μg+
|}

= 25C-NBOMe Dosage =

Effects have been reported to vary very strongly by person (for example: person A gets a 4-hour body high with barely any visual aspects, while person B gets a >12 hour DOB-like trip with an intense visual aspect).

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sublingual
|-
| Light || 100-300 μg
|-
| Common || 300-800 μg
|-
| Strong || 800+ μg
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Light || 100-300 μg
|-
| Common || 300-500 μg
|-
| Strong || 500+ μg
|}

= Duration =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sublingual
|-
| Onset || 15-45 minutes
|-
| Total || 4-11 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Onset || 0-10 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-8 hours
|}

= Effects =

== Positive ==

* Strong open and closed eye visuals, including trails, color shifts, brightening, etc.
* Mood lift
* Euphoria
* Mental and physical stimulation
* Increase in associative & creative thinking
* Increased awareness & appreciation of music
* Life-changing spiritual experiences
* Erotic, sexual thoughts and sensations
* Feelings of love and empathy

== Neutral ==

* General change in consciousness
* Pupil dilation
* Difficulty focusing
* Unusual body sensations (facial flushing, chills, goosebumps, body energy)
* Change in perception of time, time dilation
* Slight increase in heart rate
* Yawning, especially when coming up

== Negative ==

Likelihood of negative side effects increases with higher doses.
* Confusion
* Looping
* Scrambled communication
* Nausea
* Insomnia
* Looping, recursive, out of control thinking
* Paranoia, fear, and panic
* Unwanted and overwhelming feelings
* Unwanted life-changing spiritual experiences

== After effects ==

* Afterglow
**An afterglow may be present until a day after use, sometimes more depending on the individual.

* Long term effects
**A relatively high rate of HPPD has been reported (all anecdotal data!) after the use of the NBOMe chemicals.

= Harm Reduction =

NBOMes are considered less safe than many psychedelics, as they generally have a much lower threshold for overdose and have a much heavier physical effect on the body. Even so, most reports of death by an NBOMe chemical involve mislabeling of the drug (for example: someone insufflates 20mg of 25i-NBOMe because he/she thought it was 2C-I). This chemical is extremely potent and has a relatively low LD50 (LD50 is the dosage at which 50% of the tested population does not survive). Therefore, a mislabeling or misweighing can result in death.

Furthermore, due to the physical strain the drug causes one should not use it if there are any pre-existing heart conditions.

See [[Psychedelics#Harm_Reduction|Psychedelic Harm Reduction]] for general information.

= Legal status =

== Europe ==

The NBOMe series of psychoactives became controlled in the Russian Federation] starting October, 2011.<ref>http://www.rg.ru/2011/10/19/narko-dok.html</ref>

The UK Home Office announced that 25I-NBOMe would be made a class A drug on 10th June 2014 alongside every other N-benzyl phenethylamines.<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukdsi/2014/9780111110904</ref>

== America ==

25i-NBOMe, 25b-NBOMe, and 25c-NBOMe were emergency scheduled by the DEA on Novemeber 15, 2013<ref>http://www.justice.gov/dea/divisions/hq/2013/hq111513.shtml</ref>

= Links =

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBOMe Wikipedia]

[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/nbome/ Erowid]

[http://www.reddit.com/r/Drugs/comments/14wua3/rdrugs_faq_series_nbome_series_aka_25xnbome/?sort=top /r/Drugs FAQ]

= References =

<references />

[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

4-AcO-DMT

2014-07-21T07:07:13Z

CustaiCo: Stylistic changes; content expansion

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''O''-Acetylpsilocin}}



[[Image:O-Acetylpsilocin.jpg|225px|right]]
'''O-Acetylpsilocin''' (also known as '''Psilacetin''', '''4-Acetoxy-DMT''', or '''4-AcO-DMT''') is a synthetically produced psychoactive drug with a limited history of use. Its effects and duration are similar to those of psilocybin/psilocin although it is sometimes described as "warmer" or "more euphoric" than psilocybin-containing mushrooms. It is probably metabolically converted into psilocin in the body, but there are also reasons to believe that 4-acetoxy-DMT might itself be active in the brain, producing effects that are distinct from psilocin.

= Dosage =

Ideal dosage varies widely between individuals. Some people get very heavy mental effects and others find the mental effects light. It's best to start low and see how you are impacted.

== Oral ==

Light: 5-10mg

Common: 10-25mg

Strong: 25-40mg

Heavy: 40mg+ (while extremely strong doses of 4-aco-dmt seem to be well tolerated, it is ill-advised to jump into extremely large doses)

= Duration =

== Oral ==

Onset: 20-45 minutes (empty stomach) up to 120 minutes depending on stomach contents

Peak: 3~4 hours

Total Duration: 6~8 hours

After-effects: 2~4 hours

= Effects =

== Postive ==

* Mood lift, euphoria
* Increased giggling and laughing
* Creative, philosophical or deep thinking : ideas flow more easily
* Boring tasks or entertainment can become more interesting or funny
* Sensation of insight
* Life-changing spiritual experience
* Intense feelings of wonder

== Neutral ==

* Feeling more emotionally sensitive
* General change in consciousness (as with many psychoactives)
* Time perception alteration
* Sensitivity to light; lights seem brighter
* Starring and rainbow patterns around pinpoint lights
* Increased detection of motion in peripheral vision
* Open and closed-eye visuals (common at medium or stronger dose)
* Pupil dilation
* Sensation of energy or buzzing in the nevous system/peripheral limbs

== Negative ==

* Intense feelings of fear
* Mild to severe anxiety
* Dizziness, confusion
* Confusion

== Interactions ==
Check out our [[Drug Combinations]] page and chart for interactions and combinations of common drugs.

= Legal status=
Class A in the UK under the Misuse of Drugs Act<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1977/1243/contents/made</ref>

= Links =
<references />
[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Psychedelic‏‎]]

Fentanyl

2014-07-21T06:16:32Z

CustaiCo: Categorization

== General Information ==

=== Introduction ===

Fentanyl is a synthetic opiate analgesic with a rapid onset and short duration of action. It is a strong agonist at the μ-opioid receptors and is historically used to treat breakthrough pain. Fentanyl is approximately 100 times more potent than morphine, and is commonly used as a patch. The patches work by releasing fentanyl into body fats, which then slowly release the drug into the bloodstream over 48 to 72 hours, allowing for long-lasting relief from pain.

=== History ===

Fentanyl was first synthesized by Paul Janssen in 1960. Fentanyl was introduced in patch form in the mid 1990s, shortly followed by lollipop form. As of 2012 fentanyl was the most widely used synthetic opioid in clinical practice.

== Dosage ==

Approximately 100 micrograms of fentanyl is equivalent to 10mg of morphine. Rate of absorption is dependent on a number of factors. Body temperature, skin type, amount of body fat, and placement of the patch can have major effects. Fentanyl is available as a patch, nasal spray, lollipop lozenge (brand name Actiq, or colloquially "percopop"), or inhaler.

=== Patch ===

Bioavailability: varies per manufacturer; there is higher ba in the enclosed-satchel (such as Sandoz) vs the adhesive-matrix (such as Mylan) patches. The difficulty with ba in patches is separating the drug from the adhesive or carrier. It is difficult to extract a dose from either vehicle with sufficient accuracy to prevent harm in a recreational setting.

Comeup time: 20 to 60 minutes.

Duration: 24 to 72 hours; varies based upon ambient temperature, body temperature, skin salinity and perspiration, location of patch (volume of adipose tissue under the dermis), type of patch, dosage of patch. Most tolerant users will find 24 hours to be about the limit whereas naive users will more likely see 72 hours.

Medium (typical) dose: 50μg/hr + (depending on tolerance)

Patches are available in doses ranging from 12.5μg/hr to 100μg/hr, with patches previously available at strengths to 200μg/hr having been discontinued. Total fentanyl content of these patches are 1.25mg to 10mg; not all of this is available to the body from the patch and would have to be extracted using e.g., ethanol for "complete" usage.

The patch may be taken orally (sublingually) by sectioning into doses (such as 1/10th of a 10mg patch being 1mg delivered), but it is not recommended, and requires a solvent such as overproof ethanol for sufficient absorption.

=== Insufflated ===
Fentanyl powder may be snorted, but it is not recommended.

=== Smoked ===

The gel inside patches can be smoked. The powder also may be smoked, although it is not recommended.

=== Injected ===
Fentanyl is most commonly prepared in a saline solution with lactose or inositol as a buffering agent and either sold as heroin or as fentanyl itself. Fentanyl is not commonly available by itself as a powder and has low potential for abuse due to the low margin of safety with microgram-scale dosages.

== Effects ==
The effects of fentanyl are similar to that of heroin.

=== Positive ===

*Analgesia
*Euphoria
*Feelings of relaxation

=== Neutral ===

*Sedative effects
*Changes in focus, attention

=== Negative ===

*Respiratory depression
*Diarrhea
*Nausea
*Constipation
*Dry Mouth
*Somnolence
*confusion
*weakness
*Sweating
*headache
*Fatigue
*Dizziness
*Nervousness
*Anxiety
*Urinary retention
*Hallucinations

=== After effects ===

* Risk of post-acute withdrawal effects, diarrhea including depression, anxiety disorder, psychosis, or even suicidal ideation in extreme cases

== Harm Reduction ==

Fentanyl is considered one of the safest opioid medications on the market, as well as the least physically harmful to the body with long-term or life-term use. Still, fentanyl has caused overdoses and deaths, especially when mixed with other drugs.

Illicitly synthesized fentanyl powder has also appeared on the United States market. Because of the extremely high strength of pure fentanyl powder, it is very difficult to dilute appropriately, and often the resulting mixture may be far too strong and, consequently, very dangerous.

Sometimes fentanyl is sold as heroin. Some dealers may mix fentanyl powder with heroin to increase potency or compensate for low-quality heroin. If you have any concerns about your drug, please test it.

* Avoid driving and operating heavy machinery

* Risk of Post-acute withdrawal effects

* Strong addiction potential due to short effects

* Risk of overdose/death

== Chemistry and Pharmacology ==

Fentanyl is a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist with relatively little effect on κ or δ receptors compared to most opioids. Being very lipid soluble, it penetrates the blood-brain barrier quickly and efficiently, which accounts for its high potency compared to traditional opioids. When taken orally, fentanyl undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism by CYP3A4 to non-active metabolites, and as such, CYP3A4 inhibitors (such as grapefruit juice) could potentially be very dangerous when coadministered with fentanyl.

== Images ==
[[File:fent.jpg|thumb|left|various commercial preparations for parenteral administration]]
[[file:fpatch.gif|thumb|left|packaging for the 100ug/hr Mylan brand fentanyl patch]]
[[file:Mylan.jpg|thumb|left|400x400|a 75ug/hr Mylan patch applied to the skin]]
<br clear="all"/>

== Legal ==
In most countries, fentanyl is illegal to sell without a license and illegal to buy or possess without a license or prescription.

=== Europe ===

See: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/customs/l33215_en.htm

=== America ===
Regulated as a schedule II opiate.

=== Canada ===
Regulated as schedule I.

=== Australia ===
Fentanyl is a border controlled substance under Criminal Code Act 9.1.314 and is additionally controlled by several states and territories.

[[Category:Drugs]]

[[Category:Opioid]]

[[Category:Depressant]]

Methamphetamine

2014-07-21T06:07:21Z

CustaiCo: /* Harm Reduction */

[[File:Crystal Meth.jpg|250px|right]]

Methamphetamine is a strong physical and mental stimulant. It is legally prescribed as a treatment for ADD under the brand name Desoxyn, for both children and adults. Recreationally, methamphetamine is used to increase sexual desire, lift the mood, and increase energy, allowing some users to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days straight. Methamphetamine production is a relatively simple process, especially when compared to many other recreational drugs which has contributed to its widespread use. It is frequently reported on in the media when home meth-producing labs are busted.

Methamphetamine exists as two enantiomers, dextrorotary and levorotary. Dextromethamphetamine is a stronger central nervous system(CNS) stimulant than levomethamphetamine; however, both are addictive and produce the same toxicity symptoms at high doses. Methamphetamine may be sold illegally, either as pure dextromethamphetamine or in an equal parts mixture of the right and left handed molecules (i.e., 50% levomethamphetamine and 50% dextromethamphetamine). Both dextromethamphetamine and racemic methamphetamine are schedule II controlled substances in the United States. Similarly, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or illegal in many other countries due to its placement in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substancestreaty. In contrast, levomethamphetamine is an over-the-counter drug in the United States.

== History ==
Amphetamine, discovered before methamphetamine, was first synthesized in 1887 in Germany by Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu who named it phenylisopropylamine. Shortly after, methamphetamine was synthesized from ephedrine in 1893 by Japanesechemist Nagai Nagayoshi. Three decades later, in 1919, methamphetamine hydrochloride was synthesized by pharmacologist Akira Ogata via reduction of ephedrine using red phosphorus and iodine. During World War II, methamphetamine was used extensively by the Axis forces for its stimulant effects. Obetrol, patented by Obetrol Pharmaceuticals in the 1950s and indicated for treatment of obesity, was one of the first brands of pharmaceutical methamphetamine products. Due to the psychological and stimulant effects of methamphetamine, Obetrol became a popular diet pill in America in the 1950s and 1960s. Eventually, as the addictive properties of the drug became known, governments began to strictly regulate the production and distribution of methamphetamine. For example, during the early 1970s in the United States, methamphetamine became a schedule II controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act. Currently, methamphetamine is sold under the trade name Desoxyn, trademarked by the Danish pharmaceutical company Lundbeck. As of January 2013, the Desoxyn trademark had been sold to Italian pharmaceutical company Recordati.

= Dosage =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Light || 5-15mg
|-
| Common || 10-30mg
|-
| Strong || 20-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 40-150mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Light || 5-15mg
|-
| Common || 10-40mg
|-
| Strong || 30-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 50mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Smoked
|-
| Light || 5-10mg
|-
| Common || 10-20mg
|-
| Strong || 30-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 50mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Intravenous
|-
| Light || 5-10mg
|-
| Common || 10-40mg
|-
| Strong || 30-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 50-100mg
|}

= Duration =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 20-70 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-5 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Onset || 5-10 minutes
|-
| Total || 2-4 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Smoked
|-
| Onset || 0-2 minutes
|-
| Total || 1-3 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Intravenous
|-
| Onset || 0-2 minutes
|-
| Total || 4-8 hours
|}

= Effects =
== Positive ==

*Increased energy, alertness

*Sleep suppression

*Increased sociability

*Mood elevation

*Increased libido

== Neutral ==

*Excessive talking

*Decreased appetite

*Sweating

*Dilated pupils

== Negative ==

*Weight loss

*Disturbed sleep patterns, Insomnia

*Bruxia

*Drying of oral mucosa

*Loss of appetite

*Visual and auditory hallucinations

*Itchiness

*Aggressiveness

*Moodiness, Irritability, Anxiety

*Increased heart rate, Irregular heart rhythm

*Excessive sweating, Dehydration

*Fatal kidney disorder

*Possible brain damage

*Liver damage

= Harm Reduction =
When dealing with methamphetamine it's important to remember that a large number of the harms come not from the drug itself, but from the behaviors the drug causes individuals to exhibit. Loss of sleep, poor nutrition, and poor self care are the cause of many of the negative effects.

*Methamphetamine lasts for a long time and will impair sleep. Dose early in the day and do not redose to avoid sleep disruption.

*Oral roa has less redose compulsion than other routes such as vaporization.

*It is important to eat and stay hydrated, even if you do not feel the need for food. Even if you are not feeling like eating you can generally have some fruit or a bowl of cereal or yogurt with granola.

*It is important to keep up on your self-care. "Meth mouth" is caused by poor oral hygiene combined with the habit of users to sip sugary beverages to relieve dry mouth symptoms. Use water and not soda to relieve dry mouth. Remember to brush your teeth after eating or consuming any caloric beverages.

= Chemistry and Pharmacology =
[[File:Meth molecule.jpg|150px|right]]

Systematic name: N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine

At room temperature, the free base of methamphetamine is a clear and colorless liquid with an odor characteristic of geranium leaves. It is soluble in diethyl ether and ethanol as well as miscible with chloroform. In contrast, the methampetamine hydrochloride salt is odorless with a bitter taste. It has a melting point between 170 to 175 °C (338 to 347 °F) and, at room temperature, occurs as white crystals or a white crystalline powder. The hydrochloride salt is also freely soluble in alcohol and water.

Powder methamphetamine is the hydrochloride salt form which is strongly hygroscopic (absorbs water from the air quickly). The HCl salt is smokable as is. Crystal meth "Crystal Meth" or "Ice" refer to methamphetamine grown into crystals. Though many people believe that Crystal Meth is the freebase form of methamphetamie HCl, this is not true. Methamphetamine is smokable in its normal HCL form, but taking the time to grow it into crystals makes it easier to smoke. Meth in visible crystals (rather than powder) is likely to be relatively pure as it is difficult to grow crystals from impure material. Methamphetamine freebase is an oil and is uncommon on the street.

= Links=

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine Wikipedia]

[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/meth/meth.shtml Erowid]

[http://reddit.com/r/Drugs/wiki/methamphetamine /r/Drugs Wiki]

[http://science.howstuffworks.com/meth3.htm howstuffworks]

[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]

Methamphetamine

2014-07-21T06:06:29Z

CustaiCo: Added harm reduction section

[[File:Crystal Meth.jpg|250px|right]]

Methamphetamine is a strong physical and mental stimulant. It is legally prescribed as a treatment for ADD under the brand name Desoxyn, for both children and adults. Recreationally, methamphetamine is used to increase sexual desire, lift the mood, and increase energy, allowing some users to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days straight. Methamphetamine production is a relatively simple process, especially when compared to many other recreational drugs which has contributed to its widespread use. It is frequently reported on in the media when home meth-producing labs are busted.

Methamphetamine exists as two enantiomers, dextrorotary and levorotary. Dextromethamphetamine is a stronger central nervous system(CNS) stimulant than levomethamphetamine; however, both are addictive and produce the same toxicity symptoms at high doses. Methamphetamine may be sold illegally, either as pure dextromethamphetamine or in an equal parts mixture of the right and left handed molecules (i.e., 50% levomethamphetamine and 50% dextromethamphetamine). Both dextromethamphetamine and racemic methamphetamine are schedule II controlled substances in the United States. Similarly, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or illegal in many other countries due to its placement in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substancestreaty. In contrast, levomethamphetamine is an over-the-counter drug in the United States.

== History ==
Amphetamine, discovered before methamphetamine, was first synthesized in 1887 in Germany by Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu who named it phenylisopropylamine. Shortly after, methamphetamine was synthesized from ephedrine in 1893 by Japanesechemist Nagai Nagayoshi. Three decades later, in 1919, methamphetamine hydrochloride was synthesized by pharmacologist Akira Ogata via reduction of ephedrine using red phosphorus and iodine. During World War II, methamphetamine was used extensively by the Axis forces for its stimulant effects. Obetrol, patented by Obetrol Pharmaceuticals in the 1950s and indicated for treatment of obesity, was one of the first brands of pharmaceutical methamphetamine products. Due to the psychological and stimulant effects of methamphetamine, Obetrol became a popular diet pill in America in the 1950s and 1960s. Eventually, as the addictive properties of the drug became known, governments began to strictly regulate the production and distribution of methamphetamine. For example, during the early 1970s in the United States, methamphetamine became a schedule II controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act. Currently, methamphetamine is sold under the trade name Desoxyn, trademarked by the Danish pharmaceutical company Lundbeck. As of January 2013, the Desoxyn trademark had been sold to Italian pharmaceutical company Recordati.

= Dosage =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Light || 5-15mg
|-
| Common || 10-30mg
|-
| Strong || 20-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 40-150mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Light || 5-15mg
|-
| Common || 10-40mg
|-
| Strong || 30-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 50mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Smoked
|-
| Light || 5-10mg
|-
| Common || 10-20mg
|-
| Strong || 30-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 50mg+
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Intravenous
|-
| Light || 5-10mg
|-
| Common || 10-40mg
|-
| Strong || 30-60mg
|-
| Heavy || 50-100mg
|}

= Duration =

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 20-70 minutes
|-
| Total || 3-5 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Insufflated
|-
| Onset || 5-10 minutes
|-
| Total || 2-4 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Smoked
|-
| Onset || 0-2 minutes
|-
| Total || 1-3 hours
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Intravenous
|-
| Onset || 0-2 minutes
|-
| Total || 4-8 hours
|}

= Effects =
== Positive ==

*Increased energy, alertness

*Sleep suppression

*Increased sociability

*Mood elevation

*Increased libido

== Neutral ==

*Excessive talking

*Decreased appetite

*Sweating

*Dilated pupils

== Negative ==

*Weight loss

*Disturbed sleep patterns, Insomnia

*Bruxia

*Drying of oral mucosa

*Loss of appetite

*Visual and auditory hallucinations

*Itchiness

*Aggressiveness

*Moodiness, Irritability, Anxiety

*Increased heart rate, Irregular heart rhythm

*Excessive sweating, Dehydration

*Fatal kidney disorder

*Possible brain damage

*Liver damage

= Harm Reduction =
When dealing with methamphetamine it's important to remember that a large number of the harms come not from the drug itself, but from the behaviors the drug causes individuals to exhibit. Loss of sleep, poor nutrition, and poor self care are the cause of many of the negative effects.

*Methamphetamine lasts for a long time and will impair sleep. Dose early is the day and do not redose to avoid sleep disruption.

*Oral roa has less redose compulsion than other routes such as vaporization.

*It is important to eat and stay hydrated, even if you do not feel the need for food. Even if you are not feeling like eating you can generally have some fruit or a bowl of cereal or yogurt with granola.

*It is important to keep up on your self-care. "Meth mouth" is caused by poor oral hygiene combined with the habit of users to sip sugary beverages to relieve dry mouth symptoms. Use water and not soda to relieve dry mouth. Remember to brush your teeth after eating or consuming any caloric beverages.

= Chemistry and Pharmacology =
[[File:Meth molecule.jpg|150px|right]]

Systematic name: N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine

At room temperature, the free base of methamphetamine is a clear and colorless liquid with an odor characteristic of geranium leaves. It is soluble in diethyl ether and ethanol as well as miscible with chloroform. In contrast, the methampetamine hydrochloride salt is odorless with a bitter taste. It has a melting point between 170 to 175 °C (338 to 347 °F) and, at room temperature, occurs as white crystals or a white crystalline powder. The hydrochloride salt is also freely soluble in alcohol and water.

Powder methamphetamine is the hydrochloride salt form which is strongly hygroscopic (absorbs water from the air quickly). The HCl salt is smokable as is. Crystal meth "Crystal Meth" or "Ice" refer to methamphetamine grown into crystals. Though many people believe that Crystal Meth is the freebase form of methamphetamie HCl, this is not true. Methamphetamine is smokable in its normal HCL form, but taking the time to grow it into crystals makes it easier to smoke. Meth in visible crystals (rather than powder) is likely to be relatively pure as it is difficult to grow crystals from impure material. Methamphetamine freebase is an oil and is uncommon on the street.

= Links=

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine Wikipedia]

[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/meth/meth.shtml Erowid]

[http://reddit.com/r/Drugs/wiki/methamphetamine /r/Drugs Wiki]

[http://science.howstuffworks.com/meth3.htm howstuffworks]

[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]